Lua 元方法__name与__tostring

一、tostring方法官方释义

Receives a value of any type and converts it to a string in a human-readable format.
If the metatable of v has a __tostring field, then tostring calls the corresponding value with v as argument, and uses the result of the call as its result. Otherwise, if the metatable of v has a __name field with a string value, tostring may use that string in its final result.
– Lua5.4 Reference Manual

当调用tostring方法，或使用print打印一个对象时（print函数总会调用tostring方法来格式化输出，其实还是调用tostring方法），如果元表有__tostring键，则执行__tostring键对应的方法，如果没有则看元表有没有__name键，返回__name键对应的字符串，修改表的输出逻辑

二、__tostring键

元表有__tostring键，执行__tostring键对应的方法

	local a = {"2"}
	a.__tostring = function(t)
		print("111111a")
		print(t[1])
		return "a"
	end
	local b = {"3"}
	b.__tostring = function(t)
		print("111111b")
		print(t[1])
		return "__tostring b"
	end
	setmetatable(a, b)
	print(a)

注：__tostring需要是一个方法，字段的话会直接报错

	local a = {"2"}
	a.__tostring = function(t)
		print("111111a")
		print(t[1])
		return "a"
	end
	a.__name = "a"
	local b = {"3"}
	b.__tostring = "111111 tostring b"
	setmetatable(a, b)
	print(a)

三、__name键

元表没有__tostring键，有__name键，返回__name键对应的字符串

	local a = {"2"}
	a.__tostring = function(t)
		print("111111a")
		print(t[1])
		return "a"
	end
	a.__name = "a"
	local b = {"3"}
	--b.__tostring = function(t)
	--	print("111111b")
	--	print(t[1])
	--	return "__tostring b"
	--end
	b.__name = "__name b"
	setmetatable(a, b)
	print(a)

注：__name键对应的需要是字符串，否则将不被调用

	local a = {"2"}
	a.__tostring = function(t)
		print("111111a")
		print(t[1])
		return "a"
	end
	a.__name = "a"
	local b = {"3"}
	--b.__tostring = function(t)
	--	print("111111b")
	--	print(t[1])
	--	return "__tostring b"
	--end
	--b.__name = "__name b"
	b.__name = function(t)
		print("111111b name")
		return "__name b"
	end
	setmetatable(a, b)
	print(a)