pandas分层索引

分层索引

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

生成数据

data = pd.Series(np.random.randn(9),index=[['a','a','a','b','b','c','c','d','d'],[1,2,3,1,3,1,2,2,3]])

data

a  1    0.269045
   2   -0.885298
   3    0.158806
b  1    0.378847
   3    0.301012
c  1   -1.255018
   2   -1.453824
d  2   -0.088124
   3   -1.746533
dtype: float64

data.index

MultiIndex([('a', 1),
            ('a', 2),
            ('a', 3),
            ('b', 1),
            ('b', 3),
            ('c', 1),
            ('c', 2),
            ('d', 2),
            ('d', 3)],
           )

分层索引

data['b']

1    0.378847
3    0.301012
dtype: float64

data['b':'c']

b  1    0.378847
   3    0.301012
c  1   -1.255018
   2   -1.453824
dtype: float64

data.loc[['b','c']]

b  1    0.378847
   3    0.301012
c  1   -1.255018
   2   -1.453824
dtype: float64

在内部层级中进行选择

data.loc[:, 2]

a   -0.885298
c   -1.453824
d   -0.088124
dtype: float64

使用unstack将数据重新排列

data.unstack()

	1	2	3
a	0.269045	-0.885298	0.158806
b	0.378847	NaN	0.301012
c	-1.255018	-1.453824	NaN
d	NaN	-0.088124	-1.746533

unstack的反操作为stack

data.unstack().stack()

a  1    0.269045
   2   -0.885298
   3    0.158806
b  1    0.378847
   3    0.301012
c  1   -1.255018
   2   -1.453824
d  2   -0.088124
   3   -1.746533
dtype: float64

分层索引

frame = pd.DataFrame(np.arange(12).reshape((4,3)),index=[['a','a','b','b'],[1,2,1,2]],columns=[['Ohio','Ohio','Colorado'],['Green','Red','Gerrn']])

frame

		Ohio		Colorado
		Green	Red	Gerrn
a	1	0	1	2
	2	3	4	5
b	1	6	7	8
	2	9	10	11

添加索引名称

frame.index.names = ['key1','key2']

frame.columns.names = ['state','color']

frame

	state	Ohio		Colorado
	color	Green	Red	Gerrn
key1	key2
a	1	0	1	2
	2	3	4	5
b	1	6	7	8
	2	9	10	11

列索引

frame['Ohio']

	color	Green	Red
key1	key2
a	1	0	1
	2	3	4
b	1	6	7
	2	9	10

from pandas import MultiIndex

使用MultiIndex创造带有层级的列

MultiIndex.from_arrays([['Ohio','Ohio','Colorado'],['Green','Red','Gerrn']],names=['state','color'])

MultiIndex([(    'Ohio', 'Green'),
            (    'Ohio',   'Red'),
            ('Colorado', 'Gerrn')],
           names=['state', 'color'])