C++基础知识（十）函数返回数组

1.返回一维数组

• 1.使用static

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int* function()
{
	static int arr[3] = { 0, 1, 2};
	return arr;
}
int main()
{
	int *arr = function();
	cout << arr[0] << endl;
	cout << arr[1] << endl;
	cout << arr[2] << endl;
}

• 2.使用new

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int* function()
{
	int* arr= new int[3]{ 0, 1, 2};
	return arr;
}
int main()
{
	int *arr = function();
	cout << arr[0] << endl;
	cout << arr[1] << endl;
	cout << arr[2] << endl;
}

使用引用

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
const int N = 3;
int(&func())[N];
int (&func())[N]
{
	static int arr[N]{0, 1, 2};
	return arr;
}
int main()
{
    // int*&&p = func(); //  also OK, why?
    int *p = func();
	cout << p[0] << endl;
	cout << p[1] << endl;
	cout << p[2] << endl;
}

简化版本

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
const int N = 3;
typedef int intarr[N];
intarr &func()  //返回数组的引用
{
	static int arr[N]{0, 1, 2};
	return arr;
}
int main()
{
    int *p = func();
	cout << p[0] << endl;
	cout << p[1] << endl;
	cout << p[2] << endl;
}

使用auto关键字

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
const int N = 3;
auto func()->int(&)[N]  //返回数组的引用
{
	static int arr[N]{0, 1, 2};
	return arr;
}
int main()
{
    int *p = func();
	cout << p[0] << endl;
	cout << p[1] << endl;
	cout << p[2] << endl;
}

使用decltype关键字

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
const int N = 3;
int arra[N];

decltype(arra)& func() //返回数组的引用
{
	static int arr[N]{0, 1, 2};
	return arr;
}
int main()
{
    int *p = func();
	cout << p[0] << endl;
	cout << p[1] << endl;
	cout << p[2] << endl;
}

2.返回二维数组

• 1.使用动态数组

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
const int N = 3;
void printArray(int** arr)
{
	for(int i = 0;i<N;++i)
	{
		for(int j = 0;j<N;++j)
		{
			cout << arr[i][j];
		}
		cout << endl;
	}
}
int** getArray()
{
	int** arr = new int*[N];
	for(int i=0;i<N;++i)
	{
		arr[i] = new int[N];
		for(int j=0;j<N;++j)
		{
			arr[i][j] = i+j;
		}
	}
	return arr;
}

int main()
{
	int **arr = getArray();
	printArray(arr);
	return 0;
}

• 2.使用static

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
const int N = 3;
void printArray(int arr[][N])
{
	for(int i = 0;i<N;++i)
	{
		for(int j = 0;j<N;++j)
		{
			cout << arr[i][j];
		}
		cout << endl;
	}
}
int (*(getArray)())[N]  // int (*getArray())[N]也可以
{
	static int arr[N][N] = {{0,1,2},{3,4,5},{6,7,8}};
	return arr;
}

int main()
{
	int (*arr)[N] ;
	arr = getArray();
	printArray(arr);
	return 0;
}

简化版本

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
const int N = 3;
void printArray(int arr[][N])
{
	for(int i = 0;i<N;++i)
	{
		for(int j = 0;j<N;++j)
		{
			cout << arr[i][j];
		}
		cout << endl;
	}
}
typedef int (*DoublePointer)[N];
DoublePointer getArray()
{
	static int arr[N][N] = {{0,1,2},{3,4,5},{6,7,8}};
	return arr;
}

int main()
{
	int (*arr)[N] ;
	arr = getArray();
	printArray(arr);
	return 0;
}

• 3.使用struct

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
const int N = 3;

struct ArrStruct
{
	int arr[N][N];
};

void printArray(ArrStruct var)
{
	for(int i = 0;i<N;++i)
	{
		for(int j = 0;j<N;++j)
		{
			cout << var.arr[i][j];
		}
		cout << endl;
	}
}

ArrStruct getArray()
{
	ArrStruct var;
	for(int i = 0;i<N;++i)
	{
		for(int j = 0;j<N;++j)
		{
			var.arr[i][j] = i + j;
		}
	}
	return var;
}

int main()
{
	ArrStruct arr;
	arr = getArray();
	printArray(arr);
	return 0;
}