Long-Tailed Classification by Keeping the Good and Removing the Bad Momentum Causal Effect

1. The data will be inevitably long-tailed.
   For example, if we target at increasing the images of tail class instances like “remote controller”, we have to bring in more head instance like “sofa” and “TV” simultaneously in every newly added image.

2. The paradoxical effects of long tail:
   “bad” bias: It is bad because the classification is severely biased towards the data-rich data.
   “good” bias: It is good because the long-tailed distribution essentially encodes the natural inter-dependencies of classes , for example, '‘TV’ is indeed a good context for “remote controller”. Any disrespect of it will hurt the feature representaion learning, e.g., re-weighting or re-sampling, inevitably causes under-fitting to the head or over-fitting to the tail.

3. Causal graph
   
   Revisit the “bad” bias in a causal view:

1. the backdoor p