linux命令行查看文件

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分类专栏： linux随记文章标签：开发语言

于 2024-05-02 00:44:33 首次发布

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本文详细介绍了Unix/Linux命令行工具cat、tac、nl（行号显示）以及more和less（逐页翻动）的用法和选项参数，包括如何显示行号、非空行、逻辑分隔符等。

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cat

用法

A, --show-all           equivalent to -vET
  -b, --number-nonblank    number nonempty output lines, overrides -n
  -e                       equivalent to -vE
  -E, --show-ends          display $ at end of each line
  -n, --number             number all output lines
  -s, --squeeze-blank      suppress repeated empty output lines
  -t                       与-vT 等价
  -T, --show-tabs          将跳格字符显示为^I
  -u                       (被忽略)
  -v, --show-nonprinting   使用^ 和M- 引用，除了LFD和 TAB 之外
      --help            显示此帮助信息并退出
      --version         显示版本信息并退出

例子

xx@xx-PC:~$ cat -n /etc/issue
     1  UnionTech OS GNU/Linux 20 \n \l
     2

tac(反向)

从最后一行显示

xx@xx-PC:~$ tac /etc/issue

UnionTech OS GNU/Linux 20 \n \l

nl

添加行号显示

用法

-b, --body-numbering=STYLE      use STYLE for numbering body lines
  -d, --section-delimiter=CC      use CC for logical page delimiters
  -f, --footer-numbering=STYLE    use STYLE for numbering footer lines
  -h, --header-numbering=STYLE    use STYLE for numbering header lines
  -i, --line-increment=NUMBER     line number increment at each line
  -l, --join-blank-lines=NUMBER   group of NUMBER empty lines counted as one
  -n, --number-format=FORMAT      insert line numbers according to FORMAT
  -p, --no-renumber               do not reset line numbers for each section
  -s, --number-separator=STRING   add STRING after (possible) line number
  -v, --starting-line-number=NUMBER  first line number for each section
  -w, --number-width=NUMBER       use NUMBER columns for line numbers
      --help            显示此帮助信息并退出
      --version         显示版本信息并退出

Default options are: -bt -d'\:' -fn -hn -i1 -l1 -n'rn' -s<TAB> -v1 -w6

CC are two delimiter characters used to construct logical page delimiters;
a missing second character implies ':'.

STYLE is one of:

  a      number all lines
  t      number only nonempty lines
  n      number no lines
  pBRE   number only lines that contain a match for the basic regular
         expression, BRE

FORMAT is one of:

  ln     left justified, no leading zeros
  rn     right justified, no leading zeros
  rz     right justified, leading zeros

例子

linsz@linsz-PC:~$ nl -b a  /etc/issue
     1  UnionTech OS GNU/Linux 20 \n \l
     2

xx@xx-PC:~$ nl -b a -n rz  /etc/issue
000001  UnionTech OS GNU/Linux 20 \n \l
000002
xx@xx-PC:~$ nl -b a -n rz  -w 3  /etc/issue
001     UnionTech OS GNU/Linux 20 \n \l
002

more(一页一页翻动)

用法

Usage:
 more [options] <file>...

A file perusal filter for CRT viewing.

Options:
 -d          display help instead of ringing bell
 -f          count logical rather than screen lines
 -l          suppress pause after form feed
 -c          do not scroll, display text and clean line ends
 -p          do not scroll, clean screen and display text
 -s          squeeze multiple blank lines into one
 -u          suppress underlining
 -<number>   the number of lines per screenful
 +<number>   display file beginning from line number
 +/<string>  display file beginning from search string match

     --help     display this help
 -V, --version  display version

例子

more /etc/ssh/ssh_config 

# This is the ssh client system-wide configuration file.  See
# ssh_config(5) for more information.  This file provides defaults for
# users, and the values can be changed in per-user configuration files
# or on the command line.

# Configuration data is parsed as follows:
#  1. command line options
#  2. user-specific file
#  3. system-wide file
# Any configuration value is only changed the first time it is set.
# Thus, host-specific definitions should be at the beginning of the
# configuration file, and defaults at the end.

# Site-wide defaults for some commonly used options.  For a comprehensive
# list of available options, their meanings and defaults, please see the
# ssh_config(5) man page.

Host *
#   ForwardAgent no
#   ForwardX11 no
#   ForwardX11Trusted yes
#   PasswordAuthentication yes
#   HostbasedAuthentication no
#   GSSAPIAuthentication no
#   GSSAPIDelegateCredentials no
#   GSSAPIKeyExchange no
#   GSSAPITrustDNS no
#   BatchMode no
#   CheckHostIP yes
#   AddressFamily any
#   ConnectTimeout 0
#   StrictHostKeyChecking ask
#   IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa
#   IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_dsa
#   IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa
#   IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
#   Port 22
#   Protocol 2
#   Ciphers aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc
#   MACs hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,umac-64@openssh.com
#   EscapeChar ~
#   Tunnel no
#   TunnelDevice any:any