Docker常用容器命令
一.常用容器命令
命令 | 说明 |
---|
docker ps | 查看运行的容器 |
docker run xxx | xxx运行容器名称或者镜像id 里面还有很多参数到下面会说 |
docker rm -f xxx | 删除容器 xxx是容器名称 -f是强制删除容器 |
docker exec -it xxx /bin/bash | 进入容器内部 xxx是容器名称 |
docker cp 容器id:容器内部目录 宿主机目录 | 容器内部拷贝文件到宿主机 |
docker start 容器id或名称 | 启动一个指定的容器 可以多个 |
docker stop 容器id或名称 | 停止一个指定的容器 可以多个 |
docker restart 容器id或名称 | 重启一个指定的容器 可以多个 |
docker inspect 容器id或名称 | 查看容器信息 |
二.命令实践
1. 实践前先说说 docker run
- docker run 里面包含很多参数 常用的有以下几种
- -d 后台启动也就是守护进程启动
#常用
- -p 端口映射 宿主机端口:容器端口
#常用
- -P 随机端口映射
#比较少用
- –name 给容器取别名 要求不重复的名称
#常用
- -v 挂载数据卷 是容器和宿主机目录绑定在一起做目录映射相互打通 宿主机目录:容器目录
#常用
- –link 容器网络互通,相互通信
2. 开始实践
- docker run
- 大家可以看到,容器以及运行起来了,-p 做了端口映射 容器内部80端口映射在宿主机80端口上 --name是容器别名 -d是守护进程启动后台启动,启动成功后会返回容器的id
- 访问ip地址可以看见直接是nginx欢迎页面
- docker stop
- 大家可以看见使用了stop命令容器已经关闭了nginx也会停止服务
- docker start
- 我们来启动nginx吧
- docker exec -it
- 这是一个进入容器内部的命令,容器内部也像一台虚拟机有一些文件和一些基本命令,有时候会从容器内部里面cp文件到宿主机
- 可以看见我们已经进入到容器内部了,退出的话是exit命令在容器内部输入就可以了
- docker cp
- 我们在容器内部拷贝文件到宿主机
- 当前虚拟机文件
- nginx容器内部文件
- cp容器目录到了宿主机目录下
- docker inspect
- 这个是查看容器信息,里面信息非常全面,可以看到容器ip地址,也有数据卷挂载地址
- 由于太多了只能展示返回的结果代码了
[
{
"Id": "7a87527728499a3a519f3ec05a79034ebf1eeb44e4925737841e132f2b4f823a",
"Created": "2021-12-09T09:43:55.874791254Z",
"Path": "/docker-entrypoint.sh",
"Args": [
"nginx",
"-g",
"daemon off;"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 11088,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2021-12-09T09:52:02.557427281Z",
"FinishedAt": "2021-12-09T09:49:09.62449167Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:f652ca386ed135a4cbe356333e08ef0816f81b2ac8d0619af01e2b256837ed3e",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/7a87527728499a3a519f3ec05a79034ebf1eeb44e4925737841e132f2b4f823a/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/7a87527728499a3a519f3ec05a79034ebf1eeb44e4925737841e132f2b4f823a/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/7a87527728499a3a519f3ec05a79034ebf1eeb44e4925737841e132f2b4f823a/hosts",
"LogPath": "",
"Name": "/nginx",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "journald",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {
"80/tcp": [
{
"HostIp": "",
"HostPort": "80"
}
]
},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "docker-runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DiskQuota": 0,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": -1,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": 0,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Name": "overlay2",
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/08cf110fb44da836a2c3cb73de67c52bdc4f1be194e478b0ac87110d2bf14ed7-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d11886af0d73c8a5e94166de59713692e3ee012f285c2bc6ee09e5cd661467e9/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d2626be72a7dfee08fe9d33c05842f4e3be86fb73e036ef27b5c7411ba78c004/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/918420e11e8ecaec4dd44fab5e33da907607e1e9244a292a274cda799b367322/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f685ae3749402539b135cf61dbdfe3446e775d3d3e55f29833c2653e7a808fa2/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/63d2d25724e2305844ae62b9b25e457c196949adcbeaa995af3b980c82e88c4b/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c351226d5a6b3dfccb9ee5ad6371bfef22020652e8928d216029a4ad2ce669cd/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/08cf110fb44da836a2c3cb73de67c52bdc4f1be194e478b0ac87110d2bf14ed7/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/08cf110fb44da836a2c3cb73de67c52bdc4f1be194e478b0ac87110d2bf14ed7/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/08cf110fb44da836a2c3cb73de67c52bdc4f1be194e478b0ac87110d2bf14ed7/work"
}
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "7a8752772849",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"ExposedPorts": {
"80/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"NGINX_VERSION=1.21.4",
"NJS_VERSION=0.7.0",
"PKG_RELEASE=1~bullseye"
],
"Cmd": [
"nginx",
"-g",
"daemon off;"
],
"Image": "nginx",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": [
"/docker-entrypoint.sh"
],
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>"
},
"StopSignal": "SIGQUIT"
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "5da448a94f8ea1291d8d1b6281f16b24971db8f3921d9d6116006feee33ca937",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {
"80/tcp": [
{
"HostIp": "0.0.0.0",
"HostPort": "80"
}
]
},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/5da448a94f8e",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "b55c6c22daa2372add355a28b1b3e9bdad058d3ab68bb52cb34c4d14412c1d4f",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "d5b5ae1033b066f740b68857ce2b2f1d59dc97b3e32f77a5751ce5c12915e54b",
"EndpointID": "b55c6c22daa2372add355a28b1b3e9bdad058d3ab68bb52cb34c4d14412c1d4f",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02"
}
}
}
}
]