Docker容器:Docker常用容器命令

Docker常用容器命令

一.常用容器命令

命令说明
docker ps查看运行的容器
docker run xxxxxx运行容器名称或者镜像id 里面还有很多参数到下面会说
docker rm -f xxx删除容器 xxx是容器名称 -f是强制删除容器
docker exec -it xxx /bin/bash进入容器内部 xxx是容器名称
docker cp 容器id:容器内部目录 宿主机目录容器内部拷贝文件到宿主机
docker start 容器id或名称启动一个指定的容器 可以多个
docker stop 容器id或名称停止一个指定的容器 可以多个
docker restart 容器id或名称重启一个指定的容器 可以多个
docker inspect 容器id或名称查看容器信息

二.命令实践

1. 实践前先说说 docker run

  • docker run 里面包含很多参数 常用的有以下几种
    • -d 后台启动也就是守护进程启动 #常用
    • -p 端口映射 宿主机端口:容器端口#常用
    • -P 随机端口映射 #比较少用
    • –name 给容器取别名 要求不重复的名称 #常用
    • -v 挂载数据卷 是容器和宿主机目录绑定在一起做目录映射相互打通 宿主机目录:容器目录#常用
    • –link 容器网络互通,相互通信

2. 开始实践

  • docker run
    • 大家可以看到,容器以及运行起来了,-p 做了端口映射 容器内部80端口映射在宿主机80端口上 --name是容器别名 -d是守护进程启动后台启动,启动成功后会返回容器的id在这里插入图片描述
    • 访问ip地址可以看见直接是nginx欢迎页面在这里插入图片描述
  • docker stop
    • 大家可以看见使用了stop命令容器已经关闭了nginx也会停止服务在这里插入图片描述
    • 在这里插入图片描述
  • docker start
    • 我们来启动nginx吧
    • 在这里插入图片描述
    • 在这里插入图片描述
  • docker exec -it
    • 这是一个进入容器内部的命令,容器内部也像一台虚拟机有一些文件和一些基本命令,有时候会从容器内部里面cp文件到宿主机
    • 可以看见我们已经进入到容器内部了,退出的话是exit命令在容器内部输入就可以了在这里插入图片描述
  • docker cp
    • 我们在容器内部拷贝文件到宿主机
    • 当前虚拟机文件在这里插入图片描述
    • nginx容器内部文件在这里插入图片描述
    • cp容器目录到了宿主机目录下在这里插入图片描述
  • docker inspect
    • 这个是查看容器信息,里面信息非常全面,可以看到容器ip地址,也有数据卷挂载地址
    • 由于太多了只能展示返回的结果代码了
[
    {
        "Id": "7a87527728499a3a519f3ec05a79034ebf1eeb44e4925737841e132f2b4f823a",
        "Created": "2021-12-09T09:43:55.874791254Z",
        "Path": "/docker-entrypoint.sh",
        "Args": [
            "nginx",
            "-g",
            "daemon off;"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 11088,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-12-09T09:52:02.557427281Z",
            "FinishedAt": "2021-12-09T09:49:09.62449167Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:f652ca386ed135a4cbe356333e08ef0816f81b2ac8d0619af01e2b256837ed3e",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/7a87527728499a3a519f3ec05a79034ebf1eeb44e4925737841e132f2b4f823a/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/7a87527728499a3a519f3ec05a79034ebf1eeb44e4925737841e132f2b4f823a/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/7a87527728499a3a519f3ec05a79034ebf1eeb44e4925737841e132f2b4f823a/hosts",
        "LogPath": "",
        "Name": "/nginx",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "journald",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {
                "80/tcp": [
                    {
                        "HostIp": "",
                        "HostPort": "80"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "docker-runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DiskQuota": 0,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": -1,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": 0,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Name": "overlay2",
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/08cf110fb44da836a2c3cb73de67c52bdc4f1be194e478b0ac87110d2bf14ed7-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d11886af0d73c8a5e94166de59713692e3ee012f285c2bc6ee09e5cd661467e9/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d2626be72a7dfee08fe9d33c05842f4e3be86fb73e036ef27b5c7411ba78c004/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/918420e11e8ecaec4dd44fab5e33da907607e1e9244a292a274cda799b367322/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f685ae3749402539b135cf61dbdfe3446e775d3d3e55f29833c2653e7a808fa2/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/63d2d25724e2305844ae62b9b25e457c196949adcbeaa995af3b980c82e88c4b/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c351226d5a6b3dfccb9ee5ad6371bfef22020652e8928d216029a4ad2ce669cd/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/08cf110fb44da836a2c3cb73de67c52bdc4f1be194e478b0ac87110d2bf14ed7/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/08cf110fb44da836a2c3cb73de67c52bdc4f1be194e478b0ac87110d2bf14ed7/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/08cf110fb44da836a2c3cb73de67c52bdc4f1be194e478b0ac87110d2bf14ed7/work"
            }
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "7a8752772849",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "ExposedPorts": {
                "80/tcp": {}
            },
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
                "NGINX_VERSION=1.21.4",
                "NJS_VERSION=0.7.0",
                "PKG_RELEASE=1~bullseye"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "nginx",
                "-g",
                "daemon off;"
            ],
            "Image": "nginx",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": [
                "/docker-entrypoint.sh"
            ],
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>"
            },
            "StopSignal": "SIGQUIT"
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "5da448a94f8ea1291d8d1b6281f16b24971db8f3921d9d6116006feee33ca937",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {
                "80/tcp": [
                    {
                        "HostIp": "0.0.0.0",
                        "HostPort": "80"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/5da448a94f8e",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "b55c6c22daa2372add355a28b1b3e9bdad058d3ab68bb52cb34c4d14412c1d4f",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "d5b5ae1033b066f740b68857ce2b2f1d59dc97b3e32f77a5751ce5c12915e54b",
                    "EndpointID": "b55c6c22daa2372add355a28b1b3e9bdad058d3ab68bb52cb34c4d14412c1d4f",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02"
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

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