一开始跟着视频有点绕,干脆把每个版本都试一遍会稍微清晰一些;
Version1: error
- Dog.java
public class Dog {
public String name;
private int size;
public Dog(String n, int s) {
name = n;
size = s;
}
public void bark() {
System.out.println(name + " says: bark");
}
}
- Maxmizer.java
public class Maximizer {
public static Object max(Object[] items) {
int maxDex = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < items.length; i += 1) {
if (items[i] > items[maxDex]) { //报错:Operator '>' cannot be applied to 'java.lang.Object', 'java.lang.Object'
maxDex = i;
}
}
return items[maxDex];
}
}
- DogLauncher.java
public class DogLauncher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Dog d1 = new Dog("Elyse", 3);
Dog d2 = new Dog("Sture", 9);
Dog d3 = new Dog("Benjamin", 15);
Dog[] dogs = new Dog[]{d1, d2, d3};
Dog maxDog = (Dog) Maximizer.max(dogs);
maxDog.bark();
}
}
Version2: Dog class+maxDog method
- Dog.java
加了一个maxDog method:可以暂时缓解,但是难道每一个animal我都要写一个maxbrbrbr method吗?重复性好强!要改!
public class Dog {
public String name;
private int size;
public Dog(String n, int s) {
name = n;
size = s;
}
public void bark() {
System.out.println(name + " says: bark");
}
// vs version1: add maxDog method
public static Dog maxDog(Dog[] dogs) {
if (dogs == null || dogs.length == 0) {
return null; }
Dog maxDog = dogs[0];
for (Dog d : dogs) {
if (d.size > maxDog.size) {
maxDog = d; }}
return maxDog;
}
}
- Maxmizer.java (这个version不需要)
- DogLauncher.java
public class DogLauncher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Dog d1 = new Dog("Elyse", 3);
Dog d2 = new Dog("Sture", 9);
Dog d3 = new Dog("Benjamin", 15);
Dog[] dogs = new Dog[]{d1, d2, d3};
Dog maxDog = Dog.maxDog(dogs); // 和version1比这里变了 同时体会了一把static method的call
maxDog.bark();
}
}
Version3: OurComparable Interface
这个version主要是新建了一个interface:guarantee a comparision method.
- Interface inheritance says what a class can do, in this case compare.
- Dog.java
public class Dog implements OurComparable{ //改
public String name;
private int size;
public Dog(String n, int s) {
name = n;
size = s;
}
public void bark() {
System.out.println(name + " says: bark");
}
@Override // 改
public int compareTo(OurComparable obj) {
Dog cmpDog = (Dog) obj;
return this.size - cmpDog.size;
}
}
- Maxmizer.java
public class Maximizer {
public static OurComparable max(OurComparable[] items) { // 改
int maxDex = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < items.length; i += 1) {
int cmp = items[i].compareTo(items[maxDex]); // 改
if (cmp > 0) { // 改
maxDex = i;
}
}
return items[maxDex];
}
}
- DogLauncher.java
public class DogLauncher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Dog d1 = new Dog("Elyse", 3);
Dog d2 = new Dog("Sture", 9);
Dog d3 = new Dog("Benjamin", 15);
Dog[] dogs = new Dog[]{d1, d2, d3};
Dog maxDog = (Dog) Maximizer.max(dogs); // 改
maxDog.bark();
}
}
- OurComparable.java
// 改
public interface OurComparable {
int compareTo(OurComparable obj); // int compareTo(Object obj); is also ok, no meaningful difference;
}
Version4: Comparable | built-in interface
- Dog.java
可以看到解决了一部分Awkward casting to/from Objects的问题;
public class Dog implements Comparable<Dog>{
public String name;
private int size;
public Dog(String n, int s) {
name = n;
size = s;
}
public void bark() {
System.out.println(name + " says: bark");
}
@Override // 改
public int compareTo(Dog cmpDog) {
return this.size - cmpDog.size;
}
}
- Maxmizer.java
public class Maximizer {
public static Comparable max(Comparable[] items) { //改
int maxDex = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < items.length; i += 1) {
int cmp = items[i].compareTo(items[maxDex]);
if (cmp > 0) {
maxDex = i;
}
}
return items[maxDex];
}
}
- DogLauncher.java | 没变
public class DogLauncher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Dog d1 = new Dog("Elyse", 3);
Dog d2 = new Dog("Sture", 9);
Dog d3 = new Dog("Benjamin", 15);
Dog[] dogs = new Dog[]{d1, d2, d3};
Dog maxDog = (Dog) Maximizer.max(dogs);
maxDog.bark();
}
}
- Comparable.java
Built-in interface
- Lots of built in classes implement Comparable (e.g. String).
- Lots of libraries use the Comparable interface (e.g. Arrays.sort).
- Avoids need for casts.
// 改
public interface Comparable<T> {
public int compareTo(T obj);
}
Version5: Comparators
5.1
- Dog.java
public class Dog implements Comparable<Dog>{
public String name;
private int size;
public Dog(String n, int s) {
name = n;
size = s;
}
public void bark() {
System.out.println(name + " says: bark");
}
@Override
public int compareTo(Dog cmpDog) {
return this.size - cmpDog.size;
}
// 改
public static class NameComparator implements Comparator<Dog> {
public int compare(Dog d1, Dog d2) {
return d1.name.compareTo(d2.name);
}
}
}
- Maxmizer.java comparator本身不需要,但是comparable需要
- DogLauncher.java
public class DogLauncher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Dog d1 = new Dog("Elyse", 3);
Dog d2 = new Dog("Sture", 9);
Dog d3 = new Dog("Benjamin", 15);
Dog[] dogs = new Dog[]{d1, d2, d3};
Dog maxDog = (Dog) Maximizer.max(dogs);
maxDog.bark();
// 改
Comparator<Dog> cd = new Dog.NameComparator();
if (cd.compare(d1, d3) > 0) {
d1.bark();
} else {
d3.bark();
}
}
}
- Comparator.java
public interface Comparator<T> {
int compare(T o1, T o2);
}
5.2
在5.1的基础上改了
- Dog.java
public class Dog implements Comparable<Dog>{
public String name;
private int size;
public Dog(String n, int s) {
name = n;
size = s;
}
public void bark() {
System.out.println(name + " says: bark");
}
@Override
public int compareTo(Dog cmpDog) {
return this.size - cmpDog.size;
}
private static class NameComparator implements Comparator<Dog> { // 改
public int compare(Dog d1, Dog d2) {
return d1.name.compareTo(d2.name);
}
}
// 改
public static Comparator<Dog> getNameComparator() {
return new NameComparator();
}
}
- DogLauncher.java
public class DogLauncher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Dog d1 = new Dog("Elyse", 3);
Dog d2 = new Dog("Sture", 9);
Dog d3 = new Dog("Benjamin", 15);
Dog[] dogs = new Dog[]{d1, d2, d3};
Dog maxDog = (Dog) Maximizer.max(dogs);
maxDog.bark();
Comparator<Dog> cd = Dog.getNameComparator(); // 改
if (cd.compare(d1, d3) > 0) {
d1.bark();
} else {
d3.bark();
}
}
}
Version6: self-try
- 写成
- Comparator:
- SizeCompare();
- NameCompare();
- Comparator:
- Dog.java
public class Dog implements Comparable<Dog>{
public String name;
private int size;
public Dog(String n, int s) {
name = n;
size = s;
}
public void bark() {
System.out.println(name + " says: bark");
}
@Override
public int compareTo(Dog cmpDog) {
return this.size - cmpDog.size;
}
private static class SizeComparator implements Comparator<Dog> {
@Override
public int compare(Dog d1, Dog d2) {
return d1.size - d2.size;
}
}
public static Comparator<Dog> getSizeComparator() {
return new SizeComparator();
}
private static class NameComparator implements Comparator<Dog> {
@Override
public int compare(Dog d1, Dog d2) {
return d1.name.compareTo(d2.name);
}
}
public static Comparator<Dog> getNameComparator() {
return new NameComparator();
}
}
- Maxmizer.java
public class Maximizer {
public static Comparable max(Comparable[] items) {
int maxDex = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < items.length; i += 1) {
int cmp = items[i].compareTo(items[maxDex]);
if (cmp > 0) {
maxDex = i;
}
}
return items[maxDex];
}
public static Comparable max(Comparable[] items, Comparator cd) {
int maxDex = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < items.length; i += 1) {
int cmp = cd.compare(items[i], items[maxDex]);
if (cmp > 0) {
maxDex = i;
}
}
return items[maxDex];
}
}
- DogLauncher.java
public class DogLauncher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Dog d1 = new Dog("Elyse", 3);
Dog d2 = new Dog("Sture", 9);
Dog d3 = new Dog("Benjamin", 15);
Dog[] dogs = new Dog[]{d1, d2, d3};
Dog maxDog = (Dog) Maximizer.max(dogs);
maxDog.bark();
Comparator<Dog> nc = Dog.getNameComparator();
Dog maxDog2 = (Dog) Maximizer.max(dogs, nc);
maxDog2.bark();
Comparator<Dog> sc = Dog.getSizeComparator();
Dog maxDog3 = (Dog) Maximizer.max(dogs, sc);
maxDog3.bark();
}
}
- Comparable.java
public interface Comparable<T> {
public int compareTo(T obj);
}
- Comparator.java
public interface Comparator<T> {
int compare(T o1, T o2);
}
recap
- Interfaces provide us with the ability to make callbacks.
- In Java, we do this by wrapping up the needed function in an interface (e.g. Arrays.sort needs compare which lives inside the comparator interface).