Tensorflow学习笔记----FashionMnist线性层实战

之前我们有张量基础上对mnist手写数字集进行处理，现在我们要在“层”的基础上对FashionMnist进行处理。

这样的话比起张量层要方便许多，对于“层”的方面，我们只需要使用layers.Dense()来进行封装五层网络从而降维，而不需要使用张量中的
out = relu{relu{relu[X@W1+b1]@W2+b2}@W3+b3} ；此外求解梯度也会简单许多。

在这里附上张量实现的连接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43580130/article/details/107960585

FashionMnist是一个跟Mnist同样大小的数据集，只是它的图片从原来的手写数字变
成了衣服、帽子、鞋子等图片；

具体代码如下：

#在“层”上的手写问题实战
import tensorflow as tf
from    tensorflow import keras
from    tensorflow.keras import datasets, layers, optimizers, Sequential, metrics
import  os
os.environ['TF_CPP_MIN_LOG_LEVEL'] = '2'

def preprocess(x, y):#预处理数据集

    x = tf.cast(x, dtype=tf.float32) / 255.
    y = tf.cast(y, dtype=tf.int32)
    return x,y


(x, y), (x_test, y_test) = datasets.fashion_mnist.load_data() #加载数据集
print(x.shape, y.shape)
batchsz = 128

db = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices((x,y))
db = db.map(preprocess).shuffle(10000).batch(batchsz)   #对每个x,y进行处理

db_test = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices((x_test,y_test))
db_test = db_test.map(preprocess).batch(batchsz)

db_iter = iter(db)
sample = next(db_iter)
print('batch:', sample[0].shape, sample[1].shape)


model = Sequential([    #五层的网络的一个容器
    layers.Dense(256, activation=tf.nn.relu), # [b, 784] => [b, 256]    #降维
    layers.Dense(128, activation=tf.nn.relu), # [b, 256] => [b, 128]
    layers.Dense(64, activation=tf.nn.relu), # [b, 128] => [b, 64]
    layers.Dense(32, activation=tf.nn.relu), # [b, 64] => [b, 32]
    layers.Dense(10) # [b, 32] => [b, 10], 参数量330 = 32*10 + 10
])
model.build(input_shape=[None, 28*28])  #输入初始维度
model.summary()
# w = w - lr*grad
optimizer = optimizers.Adam(lr=1e-3)    #优化器，对参数进行更新

def main():

    for epoch in range(30):#跑30轮

        for step, (x,y) in enumerate(db):   #前向传播
            # x: [b, 28, 28] => [b, 784]
            # y: [b]
            x = tf.reshape(x, [-1, 28*28])

            with tf.GradientTape() as tape:
                # [b, 784] => [b, 10]
                logits = model(x)
                y_onehot = tf.one_hot(y, depth=10)
                # [b]
                loss_mse = tf.reduce_mean(tf.losses.MSE(y_onehot, logits))
                loss_ce = tf.losses.categorical_crossentropy(y_onehot, logits, from_logits=True)
                loss_ce = tf.reduce_mean(loss_ce)

            grads = tape.gradient(loss_ce, model.trainable_variables)   #计算梯度
            optimizer.apply_gradients(zip(grads, model.trainable_variables))

            if step % 100 == 0:
                print(epoch, step, 'loss:', float(loss_ce), float(loss_mse))    #打印loss

        # test
        total_correct = 0
        total_num = 0
        for x,y in db_test: #对每个db_test做前向传播
            # x: [b, 28, 28] => [b, 784]
            # y: [b]
            x = tf.reshape(x, [-1, 28*28])
            # [b, 10]
            logits = model(x)
            # logits => prob, [b, 10]
            prob = tf.nn.softmax(logits, axis=1)
            # [b, 10] => [b], int64
            pred = tf.argmax(prob, axis=1)
            pred = tf.cast(pred, dtype=tf.int32)
            # pred:[b]
            # y: [b]
            # correct: [b], True: equal, False: not equal
            correct = tf.equal(pred, y) #比较预测值与真实值
            correct = tf.reduce_sum(tf.cast(correct, dtype=tf.int32))

            total_correct += int(correct)   #tensor => numpy
            total_num += x.shape[0]

        acc = total_correct / total_num #求正确率
        print(epoch, 'test acc:', acc)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()