【sql】leetcode1179. 重新格式化部门表

部门表 Department：

+---------------+---------+
| Column Name   | Type    |
+---------------+---------+
| id            | int     |
| revenue       | int     |
| month         | varchar |
+---------------+---------+
(id, month) 是表的联合主键。
这个表格有关于每个部门每月收入的信息。
月份（month）可以取下列值 ["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"]。
 

编写一个 SQL 查询来重新格式化表，使得新的表中有一个部门 id 列和一些对应 每个月 的收入（revenue）列。

查询结果格式如下面的示例所示：

Department 表：
+------+---------+-------+
| id   | revenue | month |
+------+---------+-------+
| 1    | 8000    | Jan   |
| 2    | 9000    | Jan   |
| 3    | 10000   | Feb   |
| 1    | 7000    | Feb   |
| 1    | 6000    | Mar   |
+------+---------+-------+

查询得到的结果表：
+------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----+-------------+
| id   | Jan_Revenue | Feb_Revenue | Mar_Revenue | ... | Dec_Revenue |
+------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----+-------------+
| 1    | 8000        | 7000        | 6000        | ... | null        |
| 2    | 9000        | null        | null        | ... | null        |
| 3    | null        | 10000       | null        | ... | null        |
+------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----+-------------+

一、分组
先用id来分组，每组包含12个月在各月的收入。group by 之后当一个单元格中有多个数据，case when只会提取当中的第一个数据。因此如果想要找到这个组中第二或者后几个的数据可以用聚合函数，如sum()、max()。

# Write your MySQL query statement below
SELECT id, 
SUM(CASE WHEN month='Jan' THEN revenue END) AS Jan_Revenue,
SUM(CASE WHEN month='Feb' THEN revenue END) AS Feb_Revenue,
SUM(CASE WHEN month='Mar' THEN revenue END) AS Mar_Revenue,
SUM(CASE WHEN month='Apr' THEN revenue END) AS Apr_Revenue,
SUM(CASE WHEN month='May' THEN revenue END) AS May_Revenue,
SUM(CASE WHEN month='Jun' THEN revenue END) AS Jun_Revenue,
SUM(CASE WHEN month='Jul' THEN revenue END) AS Jul_Revenue,
SUM(CASE WHEN month='Aug' THEN revenue END) AS Aug_Revenue,
SUM(CASE WHEN month='Sep' THEN revenue END) AS Sep_Revenue,
SUM(CASE WHEN month='Oct' THEN revenue END) AS Oct_Revenue,
SUM(CASE WHEN month='Nov' THEN revenue END) AS Nov_Revenue,
SUM(CASE WHEN month='Dec' THEN revenue END) AS Dec_Revenue
FROM department
GROUP BY id
ORDER BY id;

或者使用max()函数：

select id,
max(if(month='Jan' ,revenue,null)) as 'Jan_Revenue',
max(if(month='Feb' ,revenue,null)) as 'Feb_Revenue',
max(if(month='Mar' ,revenue,null)) as 'Mar_Revenue',
max(if(month='Apr' ,revenue,null)) as 'Apr_Revenue',
max(if(month='May' ,revenue,null)) as 'May_Revenue',
max(if(month='Jun' ,revenue,null)) as 'Jun_Revenue',
max(if(month='Jul' ,revenue,null)) as 'Jul_Revenue',
max(if(month='Aug' ,revenue,null)) as 'Aug_Revenue',
max(if(month='Sep' ,revenue,null)) as 'Sep_Revenue',
max(if(month='Oct' ,revenue,null)) as 'Oct_Revenue',
max(if(month='Nov' ,revenue,null)) as 'Nov_Revenue',
max(if(month='Dec' ,revenue,null)) as 'Dec_Revenue'
from Department
group by id