振动功率流公式笔记

瞬时功率：$P_i=F_i\cdot V_i$，其中$F_i，V_i$为作用力和响应速度的瞬时值

而功率为单位时间内作的功，如果力和速度都作简谐变化：
$$\begin{array}{rl}{F}_i& =|F|\cdot coswt，V_i=|V|\cdot cos(\omega t+\varphi )\\ ⟹P& =\frac{1}{T}{\int }_0^T|F|\cdot |V|\cdot cos\omega t\cdot cos(\omega t+\varphi )\\ & =\frac{1}{2}\cdot |F|\cdot |V|\cdot cos\varphi \end{array}$$
如果将力和速度表示为：
F ( t ) = R e { F ~ ⋅ e i ω t } ，   V ( t ) = R e { V ~ ⋅ e i ω t } ⟹ P = 1 T ∫ 0 T R e { F ~ ⋅ e i ω t } ⋅ R e { V ~ ⋅ e i ω t } d t \begin{aligned} F(t)=Re\{\tilde{F}\cdot e^{i\omega t}\}，\ V(t)=Re\{\tilde{V}\cdot e^{i\omega t}\}\\ \Longrightarrow P=\frac1T\int_0^TRe\{\tilde{F}\cdot e^{i\omega t}\}\cdot Re\{\tilde{V}\cdot e^{i\omega t}\}dt\\ \end{aligned} F(t)=Re{F~⋅eiωt}， V(t)=Re{V~⋅eiωt}⟹P=T1​∫0T​Re{F~⋅eiωt}⋅Re{V~⋅eiωt}dt​$T=\frac{2\pi }{\omega }，\omega$为振动频率，$\tilde{F}，\tilde{V}$均为复数，令：
$$\begin{array}{rl}\tilde{F}& =F^{\prime }+i{F}^{\prime \prime }，\tilde{V}=V^{\prime }+i{V}^{\prime \prime }\\ {\tilde{F}}^{\ast }& =F^{\prime }-i{F}^{\prime \prime }，{\tilde{V}}^{\ast }=V^{\prime }-i{V}^{\prime \prime }\end{array}$$$F^{\prime }、F^{\prime \prime }，V^{\prime }、V^{\prime \prime }$均为实数，由欧拉公式有$e^{i\omega t}=cos\omega t+isin\omega t$：
P = 1 T ∫ 0 T R e { F ~ ⋅ e i ω t } ⋅ R e { V ~ ⋅ e i ω t } d t = 1 T ∫ 0 T [ F ′ c o s   ω t − F ′ ′ s i n   ω t ] ⋅ [ V ′ c o s   ω t − V ′ ′ s i n   ω t ] d t = 1 2   ( F ′ ⋅ V ′ + F ′ ′ ⋅ V ′ ′ ) = 1 2   R e { F ~ ⋅ V ~ ∗ } = 1 2   R e { F ~ ∗ ⋅ V ~ } 功率流的一般表达式 \begin{aligned} P&=\frac1T\int_0^TRe\{\tilde{F}\cdot e^{i\omega t}\}\cdot Re\{\tilde{V}\cdot e^{i\omega t}\}dt\\ &=\frac1T\int_0^T[F^\prime cos\ \omega t-F^{\prime \prime}sin\ \omega t]\cdot [V^\prime cos\ \omega t-V^{\prime \prime}sin\ \omega t]dt\\ &=\frac12\ (F^\prime \cdot V^{\prime}+F^{\prime \prime} \cdot V^{\prime \prime})\\ &=\frac12\ Re\{\tilde{F}\cdot \tilde V^*\}=\frac12\ Re\{\tilde{F}^*\cdot \tilde V\}\quad\color {blue} \text{功率流的一般表达式} \end{aligned} P​=T1​∫0T​Re{F~⋅eiωt}⋅Re{V~⋅eiωt}dt=T1​∫0T​[F′cos ωt−F′′sin ωt]⋅[V′cos ωt−V′′sin ωt]dt=21​ (F′⋅V′+F′′⋅V′′)=21​ Re{F~⋅V~∗}=21​ Re{F~∗⋅V~}功率流的一般表达式​

管壳周向余弦分布线力载荷输入功率流：
P i n = 1 2 ∫ 0 2 π R e { i ω [ F x ( cos ⁡ n θ ) ⋅ w x ∗ ( cos ⁡ n θ ) ] } R d θ = R ε n π 2 Re ⁡ [ i ω F x ( w x ) ∗ ] 其中： ε n = { 2 , n = 0 1 , n ≠ 0 \begin{aligned} P_{in}&=\frac12\int^{2\pi}_{0}Re\{i\omega [F_x(\cos n\theta)\cdot w^*_x(\cos n\theta)]\}Rd\theta\\ &=\frac{R{{\varepsilon }_{n}}\pi }{2}\operatorname{Re}\left[ i\omega {{F}_{x}}{{({{w}_{x}})}^{*}} \right] \quad\text{其中：} {{\varepsilon }_{n}}=\left\{ \begin{matrix} 2,n=0 \\ 1,n\ne 0 \\ \end{matrix} \right. \end{aligned} Pin​​=21​∫02π​Re{iω[Fx​(cosnθ)⋅wx∗​(cosnθ)]}Rdθ=2Rεn​π​Re[iωFx​(wx​)∗]其中：εn​={2,n=01,n​=0​​

参考文献

【1】严济宽. 振动功率流的一般表达式及其测量方法[J]. 噪声与振动控制, 1987(1):25-30.