设计模式(JAVA)——AbstractFactory模式

1. AbstractFactory模式

抽象工厂将“抽象零件”组装为“抽象产品”

1.1 AbstractFactory模式的类图

登场角色：

• AbstractProduct（抽象产品）
  定义了抽象工厂所生成的抽象零件和产品的接口（API）

• AbstractFactory（抽象工厂）
  定义抽象产品的接口（API）

• Client（使用者）
  调用AbstractFactory角色和AbstractProduct角色的接口进行工作

• ConcreteProduct（具体产品）
  实现了AbstractProduct的接口

• ConcreteFactory（具体通常）
  实现了AbstractFactory的接口

1.2 示例程序

类一览表

名字	说明
Factory	抽象工厂类
Item	抽象零件Link和Tray的接口
Link	一个抽象零件：链接类
Tray	一个抽象零件：可含有Link和Tray的类
Page	一个抽象零件：表示HTML页面
ListFactory	具体的工厂类
ListLink	具体零件
ListTray	具体零件
ListPage	具体零件
Main	测试类

uml类图（只含继承关系）

uml类图

Factory类

package xin.ajay.abstractfactory.framework;

public abstract class Factory {

    public static Factory getFactory(String classname){
        Factory factory = null;

        try {
            factory = (Factory) Class.forName(classname).newInstance();
        } catch (InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        return factory;
    }

    public abstract Link createLink(String caption,String url);
    public abstract Tray createTray(String caption);
    public abstract Page createPage(String title,String author);
}

Item类

package xin.ajay.abstractfactory.framework;

public abstract class Item{
    protected String caption;

    public Item(String caption){
        this.caption = caption;
    }

    public abstract String makeHTML();

}

Link类

package xin.ajay.abstractfactory.framework;

public abstract class Link extends Item {
    protected String url;

    public Link(String caption,String url){
        super(caption);
        this.url = url;
    }

}

Page类

package xin.ajay.abstractfactory.framework;

import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public abstract class Page {
    protected String title;
    protected String author;

    protected List<Item> content = new ArrayList<>();

    public Page(String title,String author){
        this.title = title;
        this.author = author;
    }

    public void add(Item item){
        content.add(item);
    }

    public void output(){
        String filename = title +".html";
        try {
            Writer writer = new FileWriter(filename);
            writer.write(makeHTML());
            writer.close();
            System.out.println(filename + "编写完成");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public abstract String makeHTML();
}

Tray类

package xin.ajay.abstractfactory.framework;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public abstract  class Tray extends Item {
    protected List<Item> tray = new ArrayList<>();

    public Tray(String caption) {
        super(caption);
    }

    public void add(Item item){
        tray.add(item);
    }
}

ListFactory类

package xin.ajay.abstractfactory.impl;

import xin.ajay.abstractfactory.framework.Factory;
import xin.ajay.abstractfactory.framework.Link;
import xin.ajay.abstractfactory.framework.Page;
import xin.ajay.abstractfactory.framework.Tray;

public class ListFactory extends Factory {
    @Override
    public Link createLink(String caption, String url) {
        return new ListLink(caption,url);
    }

    @Override
    public Tray createTray(String caption) {
        return new ListTray(caption);
    }

    @Override
    public Page createPage(String title, String author) {
        return new ListPage(title,author);
    }
}

ListLink类

package xin.ajay.abstractfactory.impl;

import xin.ajay.abstractfactory.framework.Link;

public class ListLink extends Link {
    public ListLink(String caption, String url) {
        super(caption,url);
    }

    @Override
    public String makeHTML() {
        return "  <li><a href=\"" + url +"\">" +caption+"</a></li>\n";
    }
}

ListPage类

package xin.ajay.abstractfactory.impl;

import xin.ajay.abstractfactory.framework.Item;
import xin.ajay.abstractfactory.framework.Page;

import java.util.Iterator;

public class ListPage extends Page {
    public ListPage(String title, String author) {
        super(title, author);
    }

    @Override
    public String makeHTML() {
        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();

        builder.append("<html><head><title>"+title+"</title></head>\n");
        builder.append("<body>\n");
        builder.append("<h1>" + title + "</h1>\n");
        builder.append("<ul>\n");

        Iterator<Item> iterator = content.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()){
            Item item = iterator.next();
            builder.append(item.makeHTML());
        }

        builder.append("</ul>\n");
        builder.append("<hr><address>" + author + "</address>");
        builder.append("</body></html>\n");

        return builder.toString();

    }

}

ListTray类

package xin.ajay.abstractfactory.impl;

import xin.ajay.abstractfactory.framework.Item;
import xin.ajay.abstractfactory.framework.Tray;

import java.util.Iterator;

public class ListTray extends Tray {


    public ListTray(String caption) {
        super(caption);
    }

    @Override
    public String makeHTML() {
        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();

        builder.append("<li>\n");
        builder.append(caption + "\n");
        builder.append("<ul>\n");

        for (Item item : tray) {
            builder.append(item.makeHTML());
        }

        builder.append("</ul>\n");
        builder.append("</li>\n");

        return builder.toString();
    }
}

Main类

package xin.ajay.abstractfactory.impl;

import xin.ajay.abstractfactory.framework.Factory;
import xin.ajay.abstractfactory.framework.Link;
import xin.ajay.abstractfactory.framework.Page;
import xin.ajay.abstractfactory.framework.Tray;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Factory factory = Factory.getFactory("xin.ajay.abstractfactory.impl.ListFactory");

        Link people = factory.createLink("人民日报", "http://www.people.com.cn/");
        Link gmw = factory.createLink("光明日报", "http://www.gme.cn/");

        Link us_yahoo = factory.createLink("Yahoo！", "http://www.yahoo.com/");
        Link cn_yahoo = factory.createLink("Baidu","https://sg.yahoo.com/");

        Link excite = factory.createLink("Excite", "http://www.excite.com/");
        Link google = factory.createLink("Google", "http://www.google.com/");

        Tray traynews = factory.createTray("日报");
        traynews.add(people);
        traynews.add(gmw);

        Tray trayyahoo = factory.createTray("Yahoo!");

        trayyahoo.add(us_yahoo);
        trayyahoo.add(cn_yahoo);

        Tray traysearch = factory.createTray("检索引擎");
        traysearch.add(trayyahoo);
        traysearch.add(excite);
        traysearch.add(google);

        Page page = factory.createPage("LinkPage", "cn");
        page.add(traynews);
        page.add(traysearch);
        page.output();
    }
}

结果

生成的Page页面

<html><head><title>LinkPage</title></head>
<body>
<h1>LinkPage</h1>
<ul>
<li>
日报
<ul>
  <li><a href="http://www.people.com.cn/">人民日报</a></li>
  <li><a href="http://www.gme.cn/">光明日报</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
检索引擎
<ul>
<li>
Yahoo!
<ul>
  <li><a href="http://www.yahoo.com/">Yahoo！</a></li>
  <li><a href="https://sg.yahoo.com/">Baidu</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
  <li><a href="http://www.excite.com/">Excite</a></li>
  <li><a href="http://www.google.com/">Google</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<hr><address>cn</address></body></html>

鸣谢

GoF《设计模式》和结城浩的《图解设计模式》