基于布谷鸟搜索算法的无线传感器网络覆盖优化

一、理论基础

1、节点覆盖模型

本文采取0/1覆盖模型，具体描述请参考这里。

2、布谷鸟搜索算法(CS)

请参考这里。

二、仿真实验与结果分析

①设监测区域为$50m\times 50m$的二维平面，传感器节点个数$N=35$，其感知半径是$R_s=5m$，通信半径$R_c=10m$，迭代500次。初始部署、CS优化覆盖、CS算法覆盖率进化曲线如下图所示。



初始部署和最终部署的节点位置及对应的覆盖率分别为：

初始位置：
7.8807     21.9372
42.0359     8.1091
21.5707     39.0126
46.4693     15.5551
48.1544     1.527
32.9803     47.5815
32.2382     21.1443
25.9026     8.7937
22.9363     20.229
36.817     25.7212
30.6283     27.6146
47.3967     27.9516
45.6066     31.5535
27.477     39.4682
5.4878     4.9297
7.7185     37.9664
1.0268     31.5594
31.3673     6.8934
17.7267     5.3944
35.6787     14.0751
29.322     15.1831
1.0778     20.3363
13.7643     25.7684
41.3315     18.0016
0.98105     47.0959
12.1787     35.2975
13.7406     33.6135
9.652     31.013
26.2319     45.4051
40.4495     48.1935
30.7663     0.43238
31.6667     9.6717
7.1954     26.9301
31.1401     11.4801
19.9538     30.9908
初始覆盖率：0.68704
最优位置：
28.462     39.0063
3.8913     26.4282
28.1734     13.8658
22.319     9.4028
12.1956     30.1615
28.313     32.3069
28.4854     22.3165
46.0159     3.8692
18.9173     37.6454
43.2975     18.2632
19.9849     29.6149
9.198     18.1634
40.1279     38.1226
37.9903     9.036
13.1698     11.1492
28.9118     4.0584
46.6164     11.8438
36.6988     3.641
46.5066     24.3227
45.4579     33.3178
35.7665     26.5744
47.6856     43.0574
38.1428     32.6573
35.805     44.0575
24.2067     45.9184
20.085     19.0444
3.3468     11.4447
20.3374     2.3007
10.6371     3.196
36.1346     18.0124
42.9137     49.2129
44.7364     4.8056
15.4133     44.1471
5.4157     46.0454
5.2816     36.2949
最优覆盖率：0.86621

②设监测区域为$20m\times 20m$的二维平面，传感器节点个数$N=24$，其感知半径是$R_s=2.5m$，通信半径$R_c=5m$，迭代500次。初始部署、CS优化覆盖、CS算法覆盖率进化曲线如下图所示。
初始部署和最终部署的节点位置及对应的覆盖率分别为：

初始位置：
5.8809     13.5965
17.5214     17.0969
5.1071     3.565
16.6328     3.2427
9.783     12.8876
11.1513     19.6263
12.3999     3.1593
6.6621     16.9797
4.2398     11.6085
11.4575     12.5703
0.92981     14.6377
3.55     16.4611
19.3756     10.1726
0.81957     10.804
12.1926     12.9317
15.458     11.5696
10.3222     2.1725
12.9241     15.7782
14.2564     6.885
12.112     5.4087
8.6488     10.3052
2.2674     13.551
18.5472     6.1498
3.234     7.5867
初始覆盖率：0.71882
最优位置：
10.849     20
10.063     15.8018
7.1603     1.3447
8.6042     5.5024
14.6955     8.8224
18.3617     1.197
0.60346     10.125
15.8107     14.329
14.8165     4.3366
1.1501     6.0884
7.967     13.175
4.7166     9.5511
5.8643     17.8196
2.0452     0.89109
9.5258     8.8984
3.677     5.5439
11.6678     2.0622
1.694     17.3463
20     11.9722
19.1449     7.1302
12.5544     16.2279
12.047     11.261
3.1327     14.1995
17.2235     18.099
最优覆盖率：0.89342

③设监测区域为$100m\times 100m$的二维平面，传感器节点个数$N=40$，其感知半径是$R_s=10m$，通信半径$R_c=20m$，迭代500次。初始部署、CS优化覆盖、CS算法覆盖率进化曲线如下图所示。
初始部署和最终部署的节点位置及对应的覆盖率分别为：

初始位置：
1.0362     74.4139
20.0501     27.8504
62.8792     22.879
41.6454     50.0635
28.4009     87.0239
73.2405     72.0487
44.7683     35.7223
0.45098     19.2696
33.986     72.0803
90.8949     83.2786
17.0693     76.5596
80.4476     66.2653
9.7264     46.3337
14.3876     43.4885
21.0599     33.5262
2.1236     36.8383
23.2751     65.0862
21.9226     0.82671
64.6631     77.0293
91.1745     90.5352
29.2328     37.1868
95.8384     60.4795
79.5134     8.6362
53.8931     15.0337
91.3819     28.6761
90.9758     11.1974
61.868     69.4795
41.8663     65.1244
8.4959     92.9305
18.7408     54.1222
72.0008     55.8468
65.3603     16.7504
90.8654     15.1286
74.7857     28.6842
96.2884     9.6417
56.7316     5.6926
87.0492     33.3117
70.0218     50.4021
19.2232     90.828
48.2885     91.4553
初始覆盖率：0.75777
最优位置：
50.358     29.4922
22.1865     44.5083
90.2325     75.9118
57.098     7.2491
92.0336     91.7637
44.8795     20.1303
5.7949     24.0778
58.4379     91.4614
92.8564     40.1175
19.6426     37.2459
81.3563     30.3382
18.4578     57.1924
23.6302     82.9194
73.0342     92.1817
36.7496     36.5493
28.6541     75.3435
67.2506     52.8842
75.1265     7.9806
83.571     48.5125
22.6889     94.8398
9.0939     95.2831
63.7847     41.0591
48.5137     71.3595
29.0627     71.8447
77.1498     69.995
26.5481     6.6841
7.061     80.3951
71.573     80.3234
2.1308     46.7514
12.3118     7.004
40.9444     89.9526
95.2484     61.5426
7.5708     65.0215
63.1838     72.5869
24.4668     25.8864
35.611     55.9895
52.1739     50.9668
67.7055     23.5893
43.1436     10.5716
92.0419     13.8847
最优覆盖率：0.92383

实验结果表明，CS算法实现了较高的网络覆盖率，节点分布更加均匀，覆盖盲区和感知范围重叠区面积更少，可以验证CS算法的有效性。

三、参考文献

[1] Yang XS, Deb S. Engineering optimisation by cuckoo search[J]. International Journal of Mathematical Modelling & Numerical Optimisation, 2010, 1(4): 330-343.