Linux内核如何保存file_operation接口

1.关键数据结构

include/linux/cdev.h

struct cdev {
	//内核驱动基本对象
    struct kobject kobj;
	//相关内核模块
    struct module *owner;
	//设备驱动接口
    const struct file_operations *ops;
	//链表节点
    struct list_head list;
	//设备号
    dev_t dev;
	//次设备号的数量
    unsigned int count;

} __randomize_layout;

linux/base/map.c

struct kobj_map {
	struct probe {
		//指向下一个链表节点
		struct probe *next;
		//设备号
		dev_t dev;
		//次设备号的数量
		unsigned long range;
		struct module *owner;
		kobj_probe_t *get;
		int (*lock)(dev_t, void *);
		//空指针，内核常用技巧
		void *data;
	} *probes[255];
	struct mutex *lock;
};

2.cdev_init函数分析

void cdev_init(struct cdev *cdev, const struct file_operations *fops)
{
	memset(cdev, 0, sizeof *cdev);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cdev->list);
	kobject_init(&cdev->kobj, &ktype_cdev_default);
	cdev->ops = fops;
}

保存file_operation到cdev的ops中

3.cdev_add函数分析

include/linux/cdev.h

int cdev_add(struct cdev *p, dev_t dev, unsigned count)
{
	int error;

	//保存设备号
	p->dev = dev;
	//保存次设备号数量
	p->count = count;

	if (WARN_ON(dev == WHITEOUT_DEV))
		return -EBUSY;

	//cdev_map为一个全局数组
	error = kobj_map(cdev_map, dev, count, NULL,
			 exact_match, exact_lock, p);
	if (error)
		return error;

	kobject_get(p->kobj.parent);

	return 0;
}

3.1 kobj_map函数分析

linux/base/map.c

int kobj_map(struct kobj_map *domain, dev_t dev, unsigned long range,
	     struct module *module, kobj_probe_t *probe,
	     int (*lock)(dev_t, void *), void *data)
{
	//判断次设备号数量是否溢出，最大1M
	unsigned n = MAJOR(dev + range - 1) - MAJOR(dev) + 1;
    //获取到主设备号,设备号的高12位
	unsigned index = MAJOR(dev);
	unsigned i;
	struct probe *p;

	if (n > 255)
		n = 255;

    //申请n个probe结构体的大小
	p = kmalloc_array(n, sizeof(struct probe), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (p == NULL)
		return -ENOMEM;

	for (i = 0; i < n; i++, p++) {
		p->owner = module;
		p->get = probe;
		p->lock = lock;
		p->dev = dev;//保存设备号
		p->range = range;//保存次设备号数量
		p->data = data;//保存cdev结构体
	}
	mutex_lock(domain->lock);
	for (i = 0, p -= n; i < n; i++, p++, index++) {
		struct probe **s = &domain->probes[index % 255];
		while (*s && (*s)->range < range)
			s = &(*s)->next;
		p->next = *s;
		*s = p;
	}
	mutex_unlock(domain->lock);
	return 0;
}

4.结论

根据哈希函数将cdev保存到probes哈希表中，方便内核查找file_operation使用