OpenCV（一）--读取、截取、边界填充、旋转、阈值操作

import cv2  # opencv读取的格式是BGR
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

图像读取

img1=cv2.imread('cat.jpeg',cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)  # 灰度图像
img2=cv2.imread('cat.jpeg',cv2.IMREAD_COLOR)  # 彩色图像
print(img1.shape)
#  cv2.imwrite('cat.png',img)  # 保存图像
cv2.imshow("cat1",img1)
cv2.imshow("cat2",img2)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

视频读取

 vc=cv2.VideoCapture('v.mp4')

if vc.isOpened():
    open, frame=vc.read()  # open返回True or False
else:
    open = False

while open:
    ret,frame=vc.read()
    if frame is None:
        break
    if ret==True:
        gray=cv2.cvtColor(frame,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
        cv2.imshow('result',gray)
        if cv2.waitKey(30)&0xFF==27:  # 0xFF==27 是esc键
            break
vc.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

截取部分图像数据

img2=cv2.imread('cat.jpeg',cv2.IMREAD_COLOR)  # 彩色图像
cat=img2[150:400,100:300]
cv2.imshow("cat",cat)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

颜色通道提取

img=cv2.imread('cat.jpeg',cv2.IMREAD_COLOR)  # 彩色图像
b,g,r=cv2.split(img)
img=cv2.merge((b,g,r))
cv2.imshow("img",img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

只保留R通道

cur_img=img.copy()
cur_img[:,:,0]=0
cur_img[:,:,1]=0
cv2.imshow('R',cur_img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

边界填充

img=cv2.imread('cat.jpeg',cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
#img = img[:,:,(2,1,0)]  # 交换通道
top_size,bottom_size,left_size,right_size=(50,50,50,50)

replicate=cv2.copyMakeBorder(img,top_size,bottom_size,left_size,right_size,borderType=cv2.BORDER_REPLICATE)
reflect=cv2.copyMakeBorder(img,top_size,bottom_size,left_size,right_size,borderType=cv2.BORDER_REFLECT)
reflect101=cv2.copyMakeBorder(img,top_size,bottom_size,left_size,right_size,borderType=cv2.BORDER_REFLECT_101)
wrap=cv2.copyMakeBorder(img,top_size,bottom_size,left_size,right_size,borderType=cv2.BORDER_WRAP)
constant=cv2.copyMakeBorder(img,top_size,bottom_size,left_size,right_size,borderType=cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT,value=0)

plt.subplot(231),plt.imshow(img,cmap='gray'),plt.title('ORIGINAL')
plt.subplot(232),plt.imshow(replicate,cmap='gray'),plt.title('REPLICATE')
plt.subplot(233),plt.imshow(reflect,cmap='gray'),plt.title('REFLECT')
plt.subplot(234),plt.imshow(reflect101,cmap='gray'),plt.title('REFLECT_101')
plt.subplot(235),plt.imshow(wrap,cmap='gray'),plt.title('WRAP')
plt.subplot(236),plt.imshow(constant,cmap='gray'),plt.title('CONSTANT')

plt.show()

改变图像大小

img=cv2.imread('cat.jpeg',cv2.IMREAD_COLOR)
#res=cv2.resize(img,(400,450))) 
res=cv2.resize(img,(0,0),fx=3,fy=4)  # 变换长宽的倍数
cv2.imshow('resize',res)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

图片旋转

def rotate_bound(image, angle): # 输入图片和旋转角度
    (h, w) = image.shape[:2]
    (cX, cY) = (w // 2, h // 2)

    M = cv2.getRotationMatrix2D((cX, cY), -angle, 1.0)
    cos = np.abs(M[0, 0])
    sin = np.abs(M[0, 1])

    nW = int((h * sin) + (w * cos))
    nH = int((h * cos) + (w * sin))

    M[0, 2] += (nW / 2) - cX
    M[1, 2] += (nH / 2) - cY
    return cv2.warpAffine(image, M, (nW, nH))

img2=rotate_bound(img2,-15)
cv2.imshow('resize',img2)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

图像阈值

img=cv2.imread('cat.jpeg',cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)  # 彩色图像
ret,thresh1=cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
ret,thresh2=cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV)
ret,thresh3=cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_TRUNC)
ret,thresh4=cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_TOZERO)
ret,thresh5=cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_TOZERO_INV)

titles=['Original Image','BINARY','BINARY_INV','TRUNC','TOZERO','TOZERO_INV']
images=[img,thresh1,thresh2,thresh3,thresh4,thresh5]

for i in range(6):
    plt.subplot(2,3,i+1),plt.imshow(images[i],'gray')
    plt.title(titles[i])
    plt.xticks([]),plt.yticks([])
plt.show()