在Shader中引入对噪声图的采样可以完成很多常见的效果:
1.消融
原理:噪声纹理+透明度测试。我们使用对噪声纹理采样的结果和某个控制消融程度的阈值比较,如果小于阈值,就使用clip函数把它对应的像素裁剪掉。这些部分就对应了“消融”的区域。而镂空区域边缘的烧焦效果则是将两种颜色混合,再用POW函数处理之后,与原纹理颜色混合后的效果。
Shader:
Shader "Unlit/Dissolve"
{
Properties
{
_BurnAmount("Burn Amount",Range(0.0,1.0)) = 0.0//控制消融程度
_LineWidth("Burn Line Width",Range(0.0,0.2)) = 0.1//烧焦效果的线宽
_MainTex("Base(RGB)",2D) = "white" {}//原本的漫反射纹理
_BumpMap("Normal Map",2D) = "bump" {}//原本的法线纹理
_BurnFirstColor("Burn First Color",Color) = (1,0,0,1)//火焰边缘的第一种颜色
_BurnSecondColor("Burn second Color",Color) = (1,0,0,1)//火焰边缘的第二种颜色
_BurnMap("Burn Map",2D) = "white" {}//关键的噪声纹理
}
SubShader
{
Tags {"RenderType" = "Opaque" "Queue" = "Geometry"}
Pass
{
Tags {"LightMode" = "ForwardBase"}
CUll off
CGPROGRAM
#include "Lighting.cginc"
#include "AutoLight.cginc"
#pragma multi_compile_fwdbase
#pragma vertex vert
#pragma fragment frag
fixed _BurnAmount;
fixed _LineWidth;
sampler2D _MainTex;
sampler2D _BumpMap;
fixed4 _BurnFirstColor;
fixed4 _BurnSecondColor;
sampler2D _BurnMap;
float4 _MainTex_ST;
float4 _BumpMap_ST;
float4 _BurnMap_ST;
struct a2v{
float4 vertex : POSITION;
float3 normal : NORMAL;
float4 tangent : TANGENT;
float4 texcoord : TEXCOORD0;
};
struct v2f{
float4 pos : SV_POSITION;
float2 uvMainTex : TEXCOORD0;
float2 uvBumpMap : TEXCOORD1;
float2 uvBurnMap : TEXCOORD2;
float3 lightDir : TEXCOORD3;
float3 worldPos : TEXCOORD4;
SHADOW_COORDS(5)
};
v2f vert(a2v v){
v2f o;
o.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
o.uvMainTex = TRANSFORM_TEX(v.texcoord,_MainTex);
o.uvBumpMap = TRANSFORM_TEX(v.texcoord,_BumpMap);
o.uvBurnMap = TRANSFORM_TEX(v.texcoord,_BurnMap);
//使用该宏之后,可以使用rotation矩阵来将世界坐标转换到切线空间
TANGENT_SPACE_ROTATION;
o.lightDir = mul(rotation,ObjSpaceLightDir(v.vertex)).xyz;
o.worldPos = mul(unity_ObjectToWorld,v.vertex).xyz;
TRANSFER_SHADOW(o);
return o;
}
fixed4 frag(v2f i) : SV_Target {
fixed3 burn = tex2D(_BurnMap, i.uvBurnMap).rgb;
clip(burn.r - _BurnAmount);
float3 tangentLightDir = normalize(i.lightDir);
fixed3 tangentNormal = UnpackNormal(tex2D(_BumpMap, i.uvBumpMap));
fixed3 albedo = tex2D(_MainTex, i.uvMainTex).rgb;
fixed3 ambient = UNITY_LIGHTMODEL_AMBIENT.xyz * albedo;
fixed3 diffuse = _LightColor0.rgb * albedo * max(0, dot(tangentNormal, tangentLightDir));
fixed t = 1 - smoothstep(0.0, _LineWidth, burn.r - _BurnAmount);
fixed3 burnColor = lerp(_BurnFirstColor, _BurnSecondColor, t);
burnColor = pow(burnColor, 5);
UNITY_LIGHT_ATTENUATION(atten, i, i.worldPos);
fixed3 finalColor = lerp(ambient + diffuse * atten, burnColor, t * step(0.0001, _BurnAmount));
return fixed4(finalColor, 1);
}
ENDCG
}
Pass
{
Tags {"LightMode" = "ShadowCaster"}
CGPROGRAM
#pragma vertex vert
#pragma fragment frag
#pragma multi_compile_shadowcaster
#include "UnityCG.cginc"
fixed _BurnAmount;
sampler2D _BurnMap;
float4 _BurnMap_ST;
struct v2f{
V2F_SHADOW_CASTER;
float2 uvBurnMap : TEXCOORD1;
};
v2f vert(appdata_base v){
v2f o;
TRANSFER_SHADOW_CASTER_NORMALOFFSET(o)
o.uvBurnMap = TRANSFORM_TEX(v.texcoord,_BurnMap);
return o;
}
fixed4 frag(v2f i) : SV_Target{
fixed3 burn = tex2D(_BurnMap,i.uvBurnMap).rgb;
clip(burn.r - _BurnAmount);
SHADOW_CASTER_FRAGMENT(i)
}
ENDCG
}
}
FallBack "Diffuse"
}
效果图:
2.水波效果
原理:也很简单,除了常规的反射和折射计算以外,再使用时间相关的变量来对噪声纹理进行采样即可。
Shader "Unlit/Water"
{
Properties
{
_Color("Main Color",Color) = (0,0.15,0.115,1)//水面颜色
_MainTex ("Base(RGB)", 2D) = "white" {}
_WaveMap("Wave Map",2D) = "bump"{}//噪声纹理生成的法线纹理
_Cubemap("Environment Cubemap",Cube) = "_Skybox"{}//用于模拟反射的立方体纹理
_WaveXSpeed("Wave Horizontal Speed",Range(-0.1,0.1)) = 0.01
_WaveYSpeed("Wave Vertical Speed",Range(-0.1,0.1)) = 0.01
_Distortion("Distortion",Range(0,100)) = 10//控制折射图像的扭曲程度
}
SubShader
{
Tags {"Queue" = "Transparent" "RenderType" = "Opaqie"}
GrabPass{"_RefractionTex"}
Pass
{
Tags {"LightMode" = "ForwardBase"}
CGPROGRAM
#include "UnityCG.cginc"
#include "Lighting.cginc"
#pragma multi_compile_fwdbase
#pragma vertex vert
#pragma fragment frag
fixed4 _Color;
sampler2D _MainTex;
float4 _MainTex_ST;
sampler2D _WaveMap;
float4 _WaveMap_ST;
samplerCUBE _Cubemap;
fixed _WaveXSpeed;
fixed _WaveYSpeed;
float _Distortion;
sampler2D _RefractionTex;
float4 _RefractionTex_TexelSize;
struct a2v{
float4 vertex : POSITION;
float3 normal : NORMAL;
float4 tangent : TANGENT;
float4 texcoord : TEXCOORD0;
};
struct v2f{
float4 pos : SV_POSITION;
float4 scrPos : TEXCOORD0;
float4 uv : TEXCOORD1;
float4 TtoW0 : TEXCOORD2;
float4 TtoW1 : TEXCOORD3;
float4 TtoW2 : TEXCOORD4;
};
v2f vert(a2v v) {
v2f o;
o.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
o.scrPos = ComputeGrabScreenPos(o.pos);
o.uv.xy = TRANSFORM_TEX(v.texcoord, _MainTex);
o.uv.zw = TRANSFORM_TEX(v.texcoord, _WaveMap);
float3 worldPos = mul(unity_ObjectToWorld, v.vertex).xyz;
fixed3 worldNormal = UnityObjectToWorldNormal(v.normal);
fixed3 worldTangent = UnityObjectToWorldDir(v.tangent.xyz);
fixed3 worldBinormal = cross(worldNormal, worldTangent) * v.tangent.w;
o.TtoW0 = float4(worldTangent.x, worldBinormal.x, worldNormal.x, worldPos.x);
o.TtoW1 = float4(worldTangent.y, worldBinormal.y, worldNormal.y, worldPos.y);
o.TtoW2 = float4(worldTangent.z, worldBinormal.z, worldNormal.z, worldPos.z);
return o;
}
fixed4 frag(v2f i) : SV_Target {
float3 worldPos = float3(i.TtoW0.w, i.TtoW1.w, i.TtoW2.w);
fixed3 viewDir = normalize(UnityWorldSpaceViewDir(worldPos));
float2 speed = _Time.y * float2(_WaveXSpeed, _WaveYSpeed);
// Get the normal in tangent space
fixed3 bump1 = UnpackNormal(tex2D(_WaveMap, i.uv.zw + speed)).rgb;
fixed3 bump2 = UnpackNormal(tex2D(_WaveMap, i.uv.zw - speed)).rgb;
fixed3 bump = normalize(bump1 + bump2);
// Compute the offset in tangent space
float2 offset = bump.xy * _Distortion * _RefractionTex_TexelSize.xy;
i.scrPos.xy = offset * i.scrPos.z + i.scrPos.xy;
fixed3 refrCol = tex2D( _RefractionTex, i.scrPos.xy/i.scrPos.w).rgb;
// Convert the normal to world space
bump = normalize(half3(dot(i.TtoW0.xyz, bump), dot(i.TtoW1.xyz, bump), dot(i.TtoW2.xyz, bump)));
fixed4 texColor = tex2D(_MainTex, i.uv.xy + speed);
fixed3 reflDir = reflect(-viewDir, bump);
fixed3 reflCol = texCUBE(_Cubemap, reflDir).rgb * texColor.rgb * _Color.rgb;
fixed fresnel = pow(1 - saturate(dot(viewDir, bump)), 4);
fixed3 finalColor = reflCol * fresnel + refrCol * (1 - fresnel);
return fixed4(finalColor, 1);
}
ENDCG
}
}
FallBack off
}
效果:
3.雾效
雾效除了使用深度法线贴图之外,还可以使用噪声来模拟。在原本实现雾效的片元着色器中插入噪声的影响,即可实现非均匀的雾效。
Shader:
Shader "Unlit/FogWithNoise"
{
Properties {
_MainTex ("Base (RGB)", 2D) = "white" {}
_FogDensity ("Fog Density", Float) = 1.0
_FogColor ("Fog Color", Color) = (1, 1, 1, 1)
_FogStart ("Fog Start", Float) = 0.0
_FogEnd ("Fog End", Float) = 1.0
_NoiseTex ("Noise Texture", 2D) = "white" {}
_FogXSpeed ("Fog Horizontal Speed", Float) = 0.1
_FogYSpeed ("Fog Vertical Speed", Float) = 0.1
_NoiseAmount ("Noise Amount", Float) = 1
}
SubShader {
CGINCLUDE
#include "UnityCG.cginc"
float4x4 _FrustumCornersRay;
sampler2D _MainTex;
half4 _MainTex_TexelSize;
sampler2D _CameraDepthTexture;
half _FogDensity;
fixed4 _FogColor;
float _FogStart;
float _FogEnd;
sampler2D _NoiseTex;
half _FogXSpeed;
half _FogYSpeed;
half _NoiseAmount;
struct v2f {
float4 pos : SV_POSITION;
float2 uv : TEXCOORD0;
float2 uv_depth : TEXCOORD1;
float4 interpolatedRay : TEXCOORD2;
};
v2f vert(appdata_img v) {
v2f o;
o.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
o.uv = v.texcoord;
o.uv_depth = v.texcoord;
#if UNITY_UV_STARTS_AT_TOP
if (_MainTex_TexelSize.y < 0)
o.uv_depth.y = 1 - o.uv_depth.y;
#endif
int index = 0;
if (v.texcoord.x < 0.5 && v.texcoord.y < 0.5) {
index = 0;
} else if (v.texcoord.x > 0.5 && v.texcoord.y < 0.5) {
index = 1;
} else if (v.texcoord.x > 0.5 && v.texcoord.y > 0.5) {
index = 2;
} else {
index = 3;
}
#if UNITY_UV_STARTS_AT_TOP
if (_MainTex_TexelSize.y < 0)
index = 3 - index;
#endif
o.interpolatedRay = _FrustumCornersRay[index];
return o;
}
fixed4 frag(v2f i) : SV_Target {
float linearDepth = LinearEyeDepth(SAMPLE_DEPTH_TEXTURE(_CameraDepthTexture, i.uv_depth));
float3 worldPos = _WorldSpaceCameraPos + linearDepth * i.interpolatedRay.xyz;
float2 speed = _Time.y * float2(_FogXSpeed, _FogYSpeed);
float noise = (tex2D(_NoiseTex, i.uv + speed).r - 0.5) * _NoiseAmount;
float fogDensity = (_FogEnd - worldPos.y) / (_FogEnd - _FogStart);
fogDensity = saturate(fogDensity * _FogDensity * (1 + noise));
fixed4 finalColor = tex2D(_MainTex, i.uv);
finalColor.rgb = lerp(finalColor.rgb, _FogColor.rgb, fogDensity);
return finalColor;
}
ENDCG
Pass {
CGPROGRAM
#pragma vertex vert
#pragma fragment frag
ENDCG
}
}
FallBack Off
}
脚本:
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class FogWithNoise : PostEffectsBase {
public Shader fogShader;
private Material fogMaterial = null;
public Material material {
get {
fogMaterial = CheckShaderAndCreateMaterial(fogShader, fogMaterial);
return fogMaterial;
}
}
private Camera myCamera;
public new Camera camera {
get {
if (myCamera == null) {
myCamera = GetComponent<Camera>();
}
return myCamera;
}
}
private Transform myCameraTransform;
public Transform cameraTransform {
get {
if (myCameraTransform == null) {
myCameraTransform = camera.transform;
}
return myCameraTransform;
}
}
[Range(0.1f, 3.0f)]
public float fogDensity = 1.0f;
public Color fogColor = Color.white;
public float fogStart = 0.0f;
public float fogEnd = 2.0f;
public Texture noiseTexture;
[Range(-0.5f, 0.5f)]
public float fogXSpeed = 0.1f;
[Range(-0.5f, 0.5f)]
public float fogYSpeed = 0.1f;
[Range(0.0f, 3.0f)]
public float noiseAmount = 1.0f;
void OnEnable() {
GetComponent<Camera>().depthTextureMode |= DepthTextureMode.Depth;
}
void OnRenderImage (RenderTexture src, RenderTexture dest) {
if (material != null) {
Matrix4x4 frustumCorners = Matrix4x4.identity;
float fov = camera.fieldOfView;
float near = camera.nearClipPlane;
float aspect = camera.aspect;
float halfHeight = near * Mathf.Tan(fov * 0.5f * Mathf.Deg2Rad);
Vector3 toRight = cameraTransform.right * halfHeight * aspect;
Vector3 toTop = cameraTransform.up * halfHeight;
Vector3 topLeft = cameraTransform.forward * near + toTop - toRight;
float scale = topLeft.magnitude / near;
topLeft.Normalize();
topLeft *= scale;
Vector3 topRight = cameraTransform.forward * near + toRight + toTop;
topRight.Normalize();
topRight *= scale;
Vector3 bottomLeft = cameraTransform.forward * near - toTop - toRight;
bottomLeft.Normalize();
bottomLeft *= scale;
Vector3 bottomRight = cameraTransform.forward * near + toRight - toTop;
bottomRight.Normalize();
bottomRight *= scale;
frustumCorners.SetRow(0, bottomLeft);
frustumCorners.SetRow(1, bottomRight);
frustumCorners.SetRow(2, topRight);
frustumCorners.SetRow(3, topLeft);
material.SetMatrix("_FrustumCornersRay", frustumCorners);
material.SetFloat("_FogDensity", fogDensity);
material.SetColor("_FogColor", fogColor);
material.SetFloat("_FogStart", fogStart);
material.SetFloat("_FogEnd", fogEnd);
material.SetTexture("_NoiseTex", noiseTexture);
material.SetFloat("_FogXSpeed", fogXSpeed);
material.SetFloat("_FogYSpeed", fogYSpeed);
material.SetFloat("_NoiseAmount", noiseAmount);
Graphics.Blit (src, dest, material);
} else {
Graphics.Blit(src, dest);
}
}
}
效果: