1.设
f
(
x
)
f(x)
f(x)在
[
0
,
1
]
[0,1]
[0,1]连续,
(
0
,
1
)
(0,1)
(0,1)可导,且
f
(
0
)
=
0
f(0)=0
f(0)=0,
f
(
1
)
=
1
f(1)=1
f(1)=1.证明:在
(
0
,
1
)
(0,1)
(0,1)内存在不同的
λ
\lambda
λ,
μ
\mu
μ使得
f
′
(
λ
)
(
f
′
(
μ
)
+
1
)
=
2
f'(\lambda)(f'(\mu)+1)=2
f′(λ)(f′(μ)+1)=2
P
r
o
o
f
Proof
Proof
记
F
(
x
)
=
f
(
x
)
+
2
x
−
1
F(x)=f(x)+2x-1
F(x)=f(x)+2x−1,则
F
(
0
)
=
−
1
F(0)=-1
F(0)=−1,
F
(
1
)
=
2
F(1)=2
F(1)=2.故存在
ξ
∈
(
0
,
1
)
\xi \in(0,1)
ξ∈(0,1)使
F
(
ξ
)
=
0
F(\xi)=0
F(ξ)=0,即
f
(
ξ
)
=
1
−
2
ξ
f(\xi)=1-2\xi
f(ξ)=1−2ξ令
h
(
x
)
=
f
(
x
)
+
x
h(x)=f(x)+x
h(x)=f(x)+x.由
L
a
g
r
a
n
g
e
Lagrange
Lagrange中值定理得
f
(
ξ
)
+
ξ
ξ
=
h
(
ξ
)
−
h
(
0
)
ξ
−
0
=
h
′
(
μ
)
=
f
′
(
μ
)
+
1
μ
∈
(
0
,
ξ
)
\frac{f(\xi)+\xi}{\xi}=\frac{h(\xi)-h(0)}{\xi-0}=h'(\mu)=f'(\mu)+1\qquad\mu\in(0,\xi)
ξf(ξ)+ξ=ξ−0h(ξ)−h(0)=h′(μ)=f′(μ)+1μ∈(0,ξ)
f
(
ξ
)
+
ξ
−
2
ξ
−
1
=
h
(
ξ
)
−
h
(
1
)
ξ
−
1
=
h
′
(
λ
)
=
f
′
(
λ
)
+
1
λ
∈
(
ξ
,
1
)
\frac{f(\xi)+\xi-2}{\xi-1}=\frac{h(\xi)-h(1)}{\xi-1}=h'(\lambda)=f'(\lambda)+1\qquad\lambda\in(\xi,1)
ξ−1f(ξ)+ξ−2=ξ−1h(ξ)−h(1)=h′(λ)=f′(λ)+1λ∈(ξ,1)从而
f
′
(
λ
)
(
f
′
(
μ
)
+
1
)
=
f
(
ξ
)
−
1
ξ
−
1
⋅
f
(
ξ
)
+
ξ
ξ
=
−
2
ξ
ξ
−
1
⋅
1
−
ξ
ξ
=
2
f'(\lambda)(f'(\mu)+1)=\frac{f(\xi)-1}{\xi-1}\cdot\frac{f(\xi)+\xi}{\xi}=\frac{-2\xi}{\xi-1}\cdot\frac{1-\xi}{\xi}=2
f′(λ)(f′(μ)+1)=ξ−1f(ξ)−1⋅ξf(ξ)+ξ=ξ−1−2ξ⋅ξ1−ξ=2
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