VGG Pytorch实现【初学者】

1. 内容来源

25 使用块的网络 VGG【动手学深度学习v2】_哔哩哔哩_bilibili25 使用块的网络 VGG【动手学深度学习v2】共计3条视频，包括：VGG、代码、QA等，UP主更多精彩视频，请关注UP账号。https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Ao4y117Pd/?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0&vd_source=f94822d3eca79b8e245bb58bbced6b77

2. Pytorch实现

2.1 VGG块实现

与本系列之前的LeNet、AlexNet不同在于该网络使用了块结构，结构更改更灵活

VGG块结构包含：

1. N个（卷积层（输入通道数=输出通道数，输出通道数自定义，3*3卷积核，1步长，1填充）--ReLU）
2. 最大池化层（2*2核，2步长）

代码实现：

import torch
from torch import nn
from d2l import torch as d2l

def vgg_block(num_convs, in_channels, out_channels):
    layers=[]
    for _ in range(num_convs):
        layers.append(nn.Conv2d(
            in_channels, 
            out_channels, 
            kernel_size=3, 
            padding=1
        ))
        layers.append(nn.ReLU())
        in_channels = out_channels
    layers.append(nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2))
    return nn.Sequential(*layers)

2.2 模型构建

将若干VGG块串联，每个VGG块输入通道数等于上一个块的输出通道数（第一个块的输入通道数为1），则每个VGG块只需要设置卷积+激活层数、输出通道数即可。

VGG网络结构：

1. VGG块1（1层，输出64通道）
2. VGG块2（1层，输出128通道）
3. VGG块3（2层，输出256通道）
4. VGG块4（2层，输出512通道）
5. VGG块5（2层，输出512通道）
6. 展开成单维向量
7. 线性层1（输入512*7*7维，输出4096维）--激活层1（ReLU）--Dropout层1（50%丢弃率）
8. 线性层2（输入4096维，输出4096维）--激活层2（ReLU）--Dropout层2（50%丢弃率）
9. 输出层（输入4096维，输出10维）

代码实现：

# Model
conv_arch = (
    (1, 64), 
    (1, 128), 
    (2, 256), 
    (2, 512), 
    (2, 512))

def vgg(conv_arch):
    conv_blks = []
    in_channels = 1
    for (num_convs, out_channels) in conv_arch:
        conv_blks.append(vgg_block(num_convs, in_channels, out_channels))
        in_channels = out_channels
    
    return nn.Sequential(
        *conv_blks, nn.Flatten(), 
        nn.Linear(out_channels * 7 * 7, 4096), nn.ReLU(), nn.Dropout(0.5), 
        nn.Linear(4096, 4096), nn.ReLU(), nn.Dropout(0.5), 
        nn.Linear(4096, 10)
    )

net = vgg(conv_arch)

维度CHECK：

Sequential output shape :     	 torch.Size([1, 64, 112, 112])
Sequential output shape :     	 torch.Size([1, 128, 56, 56])
Sequential output shape :     	 torch.Size([1, 256, 28, 28])
Sequential output shape :     	 torch.Size([1, 512, 14, 14])
Sequential output shape :     	 torch.Size([1, 512, 7, 7])
Flatten output shape :     	     torch.Size([1, 25088])
Linear output shape :     	     torch.Size([1, 4096])
ReLU output shape :     	     torch.Size([1, 4096])
Dropout output shape :     	     torch.Size([1, 4096])
Linear output shape :     	     torch.Size([1, 4096])
ReLU output shape :     	     torch.Size([1, 4096])
Dropout output shape :     	     torch.Size([1, 4096])
Linear output shape :     	     torch.Size([1, 10])

2.3 模型简化

将每个VGG块通道数减少至1/4并CHECK输出维度

代码实现

# Smaller for test
ratio = 4
small_conv_arch = [(pair[0], pair[1] // ratio) for pair in conv_arch]
net = vgg(small_conv_arch)
X = torch.randn(size=(1, 1, 224, 224))
for blk in net:
    X = blk(X)
    print(blk.__class__.__name__, 'output shape :     \t', X.shape)

维度打印：

Sequential output shape :     	 torch.Size([1, 16, 112, 112])
Sequential output shape :     	 torch.Size([1, 32, 56, 56])
Sequential output shape :     	 torch.Size([1, 64, 28, 28])
Sequential output shape :     	 torch.Size([1, 128, 14, 14])
Sequential output shape :     	 torch.Size([1, 128, 7, 7])
Flatten output shape :     	 torch.Size([1, 6272])
Linear output shape :     	 torch.Size([1, 4096])
ReLU output shape :     	 torch.Size([1, 4096])
Dropout output shape :     	 torch.Size([1, 4096])
Linear output shape :     	 torch.Size([1, 4096])
ReLU output shape :     	 torch.Size([1, 4096])
Dropout output shape :     	 torch.Size([1, 4096])
Linear output shape :     	 torch.Size([1, 10])

2.4 模型训练

# Training
lr, num_epochs, batch_size = 0.05, 10, 32
train_iter, test_iter = d2l.load_data_fashion_mnist(batch_size, resize=224)
d2l.train_ch6(net, train_iter, test_iter, num_epochs, lr, d2l.try_gpu())

结果：

loss 0.096, train acc 0.964, test acc 0.925
890.5 examples/sec on cuda:0