SpringBoot之RestTemplate使用Apache的HttpClient连接池并解决中文乱码

SpringBoot自带的RestTemplate是没有使用连接池的，只是SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory实现了ClientHttpRequestFactory、AsyncClientHttpRequestFactory 2个工厂接口，因此每次调用接口都会创建连接和销毁连接，如果是高并发场景下会大大降低性能。因此，我们可以使用Apache的HttpClient连接池。

pom.xml

		<!-- RestTemplate使用Apache的HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory替换掉Spring SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory 以使用Apache HttpClient的连接池。 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
            <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
        </dependency>

RestTemplate配置类

import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.http.client.HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration
public class RestTemplateConfig {

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connectionManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
        connectionManager.setMaxTotal(50);
        connectionManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(20);

        RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig
                .custom()
                .setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000) // timeout to get connection from pool
                .setSocketTimeout(5000) // standard connection timeout
                .setConnectTimeout(5000) // standard connection timeout
                .build();

        HttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create()
                .setConnectionManager(connectionManager)
                .setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig).build();

        ClientHttpRequestFactory requestFactory = new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory(httpClient);
        RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(requestFactory);
		//设置请求字符串的编码格式为UTF-8，防止发送请求的字符串乱码。
        restTemplate.getMessageConverters().set(1, new StringHttpMessageConverter(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        return restTemplate;
    }

}

调用

	@Autowired  
	private RestTemplate restTemplate;
	@Autowired  
	private ObjectMapper objectMapper;
  
	public Res getData(Dto dto) {
		String url = "https://xxx.com/api/xxx";
		//封装请求头参数.
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
        headers.set("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf-8");
        headers.set("自定义请求头key","自定义请求头value");
        
        //防止中文乱码（不一定有用，如果还是乱码就改成byte[]接收，再new String(data, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);转为对应的编码）
        //restTemplate.getMessageConverters().set(1, new StringHttpMessageConverter(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
		Res res = restTemplate.postForEntity(url, new HttpEntity<>(dto, headers), Res.class).getBody();
    	return res;
	}

用Jackson ObjectMapper.writeValueAsString来解决中文乱码（推荐）

		String url = "https://xxx.com/api/xxx";
		//封装请求头参数.
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
        //headers.set("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf-8");
        //headers.set("自定义请求头key","自定义请求头value");
        
        //解决中文乱码
        String dtoJsonString = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(dto);
		String res = restTemplate.postForEntity(url, new HttpEntity<>(dtoJsonString, headers), String.class).getBody();
    	return res;

用byte数组接收转码来解决中文乱码

		String url = "https://xxx.com/api/xxx";
		//封装请求头参数.
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
        //headers.set("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf-8");
        //headers.set("自定义请求头key","自定义请求头value");
        
        //解决中文乱码
		byte[] data = restTemplate.postForEntity(url, new HttpEntity<>(dto, headers), byte[].class).getBody();
		String res = new String(data, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
    	return res;