Serverless Kubernetes入门:对kubernetes做减法

背景

Kubernetes作为通用的容器编排系统,承载了广泛的应用和场景,包括CI/CD,数据计算,在线应用,AI等,然而由于其通用性和复杂性,管理一个kubernetes集群对于很多用户而言还是充满挑战的,主要体现在:

  • 学习成本高;
  • 集群运维管理成本高,包括节点管理、容量规划,以及各种节点异常问题的定位;
  • 计算成本在很多场景中没有达到最优,比如对于一个定时运行Jobs的集群,长期持有资源池对于用户来说是浪费的行为,资源利用率不高。

Serverless Kubernetes是阿里云容器服务团队对未来kubernetes演进方向的一种探索,通过对kubernetes做减法,降低运维管理负担,简化集群管理,让kubernetes从复杂到简单。

对Kubernetes集群做减法

无节点管理

我们相信未来用户会更加关注应用的开发,而不是基础设施的维护。体现在kubernetes集群中,我们希望用户能够关注在pod/service/ingress/job等应用编排语义上,对底层node则可以减少关注。

无需管理节点也可以显著降低集群的运维管理成本,经统计kubernetes常见的异常问题中大多数与节点相关,比如Node NotReady问题,也无需担忧Node的安全问题,以及基础系统软件的升级和维护。

在ASK集群中,我们使用虚拟节点virtual-kubelet代替ecs节点,虚拟节点的容量可以认为是“无限大”,用户不需要为集群的容量担忧,无需预先做容量规划。

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Packt.Kubernetes.for.Serverless.Applications.1788620372.PDF Chapter 1, The Serverless Landscape, explains what is meant by serverless. Also, we will get some practical experience of running serverless functions on public clouds using AWS Lambda and Azure Functions. Chapter 2, An Introduction to Kubernetes, discusses what Kubernetes is, what problems it solves, and also takes a look at its backstory, from internal engineering tool at Google to an open source powerhouse. Chapter 3, Installing Kubernetes Locally, explains how to get hands-on experience with Kubernetes. We will install a local single node Kubernetes cluster using Minikube and interact with it using the command-line client. Chapter 4, Introducing Kubeless Functioning, explains how to launch your first serverless function using Kubeless once the Kubernetes is up and running locally. Chapter 5, Using Funktion for Serverless Applications, explains the use of Funktion for a slightly different take on calling serverless functions. Chapter 6, Installing Kubernetes in the Cloud, covers launching a cluster in DigitalOcean, AWS, Google Cloud, and Microsoft Azure after getting some hands-on experience using Kubernetes locally. Chapter 7, Apache OpenWhisk and Kubernetes, explains how to launch, configure, and use Apache OpenWhisk, the serverless platform originally developed by IBM, using our newly launched cloud Kubernetes cluster. Chapter 8, Launching Applications Using Fission, covers the deploying of Fission, the popular serverless framework for Kubernetes, along with a few example functions. Chapter 9, Looking at OpenFaaS, covers OpenFaaS. While it's, first and foremost, a Functions as a Service framework for Docker, it is also possible to deploy it on top of Kubernetes. Chapter 10, Serverless Considerations, discusses security best practices along with how you can monitor your Kubernetes cluster. Chapter 11, Running Serverless Workloads, explains how quickly the Kubernetes ecosystem is evolving and how you can keep up. We also discuss which tools you should use, and why you would want your serverless functions on Kubernetes.
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