1.NLTK的pos_tag含义
CC coordinatingconjunction 并列连词 :and, or, but, if
CD cardinaldigit 纯数 基数
DT determiner 限定词(置于名词前起限定作用,如 the、some、my 等) :
EX existentialthere (like:"there is"... think of it like "thereexists") 存在句;存现句 :there
FW foreignword 外来语;外来词;外文原词
IN preposition/subordinating conjunction介词/从属连词;主从连词;从属连接词 :in, on, under
JJ adjective 'big' 形容词
JJR adjective, comparative 'bigger' (形容词或副词的)比较级形式
JJS adjective, superlative 'biggest' (形容词或副词的)最高级
LS listmarker 1) :A B C A. B. C.
MD modal (could, will) 形态的,形式的 , 语气的;情态的 :can, could
NN noun, singular 'desk' 名词单数形式
NNS nounplural 'desks' 名词复数形式
NNP propernoun, singular 'Harrison' 专有名词
NNPS proper noun, plural 'Americans' 专有名词复数形式
PDT predeterminer 'all the kids' 前位限定词 :all, both, half, many
POS possessiveending parent's 属有词 结束语 :'s
PRP personalpronoun 人称代词 : I, he, she
PRP$ possessive pronoun 物主代词 :my, his, hers
RB adverb 副词 :very, silently,
RBR adverb,comparative better (形容词或副词的)比较级形式
RBS adverb,superlative best (形容词或副词的)最高级
RP particle 虚词 : aboard about across along apart
TO to go 'to' the store.
UH interjection errrrrrrrm 感叹词;感叹语 :Goodbye Goody Gosh Wow
VB verb, baseform take 动词
VBD verb, pasttense took 动词 过去时;过去式 : +ed
VBG verb,gerund/present participle taking 动词 动名词/现在分词 : +ing
VBN verb, pastparticiple taken 动词 过去分词 :+en
VBP verb,sing. present, non-3d take 动词 现在 :原形
VBZ verb, 3rdperson sing. present takes 动词 第三人称 :+s
WDT wh-determiner which 限定词(置于名词前起限定作用,如 the,some,my 等):who, which, when, what, where, how
WP wh-pronoun who, what 代词(代替名词或名词词组的单词) :who, what, whatever
WP$ possessivewh-pronoun whose 所有格;属有词 :whose
WRB wh-abverb where, when 副词
2.依存分析标签 ClearNLP Dependency Labels
ClearNLP Dependency Labels
Current Labels
Label | Description | Since |
---|---|---|
ACL | Clausal modifier of noun | 3.1.0 |
ACOMP | Adjectival complement | 1.0.0 |
ADVCL | Adverbial clause modifier | 1.0.0 |
ADVMOD | Adverbial modifier | 1.0.0 |
AGENT | Agent | 1.0.0 |
AMOD | Adjectival modifier | 1.0.0 |
APPOS | Appositional modifier | 1.0.0 |
ATTR | Attribute | 1.0.0 |
AUX | Auxiliary | 1.0.0 |
AUXPASS | Auxiliary (passive) | 1.0.0 |
CASE | Case marker | 3.1.0 |
CC | Coordinating conjunction | 1.0.0 |
CCOMP | Clausal complement | 1.0.0 |
COMPOUND | Compound modifier | 3.1.0 |
CONJ | Conjunct | 1.0.0 |
CSUBJ | Clausal subject | 1.0.0 |
CSUBJPASS | Clausal subject (passive) | 1.0.0 |
DATIVE | Dative | 3.1.0 |
DEP | Unclassified dependent | 1.0.0 |
DET | Determiner | 1.0.0 |
DOBJ | Direct Object | 1.0.0 |
EXPL | Expletive | 1.0.0 |
INTJ | Interjection | 1.0.0 |
MARK | Marker | 1.0.0 |
META | Meta modifier | 1.0.0 |
NEG | Negation modifier | 1.0.0 |
NOUNMOD | Modifier of nominal | 3.1.0 |
NPMOD | Noun phrase as adverbial modifier | 3.1.0 |
NSUBJ | Nominal subject | 1.0.0 |
NSUBJPASS | Nominal subject (passive) | 1.0.0 |
NUMMOD | Number modifier | 3.1.0 |
OPRD | Object predicate | 1.0.0 |
PARATAXIS | Parataxis | 1.0.0 |
PCOMP | Complement of preposition | 1.0.0 |
POBJ | Object of preposition | 1.0.0 |
POSS | Possession modifier | 1.0.0 |
PRECONJ | Pre-correlative conjunction | 1.0.0 |
PREDET | Pre-determiner | 1.0.0 |
PREP | Prepositional modifier | 1.0.0 |
PRT | Particle | 1.0.0 |
PUNCT | Punctuation | 1.0.0 |
QUANTMOD | Modifier of quantifier | 1.0.0 |
RELCL | Relative clause modifier | 3.1.0 |
ROOT | Root | 1.0.0 |
XCOMP | Open clausal complement | 1.0.0 |
Deprecated Labels
Label | Description | Since | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
COMPLM | Complementizer | 3.0.0 | Replaced to mark |
INFMOD | Infinitival modifier | 3.0.0 | Replaced to acl |
PARTMOD | Participal modifier | 3.0.0 | Replaced to acl |
HMOD | Modifier in hyphenation | 3.1.0 | Replaced to compound |
HYPH | Hyphen | 3.1.0 | Replaced to punct |
IOBJ | Indirect object | 3.1.0 | Replaced to dative |
NUM | Number modifier | 3.1.0 | Replaced to nummod |
NUMBER | Number compound modifier | 3.1.0 | Replaced to compound |
NMOD | Modifier of nominal | 3.1.0 | Replaced to nounmod |
NN | Noun compound modifier | 3.1.0 | Replaced to compound |
NPADVMOD | Noun phrase as adverbial modifier | 3.1.0 | Replaced to npmod |
POSSESSIVE | Possessive modifier | 3.1.0 | Replaced to case |
RCMOD | Relative clause modifier | 3.1.0 | Replaced to relcl |
Subjects
Nominal subject
A nominal subject (nsubj
) is a non-clausal constituent in the subject position of an active verb.
Nominal subject (passive)
A nominal passive subject (nsubjpass
) is a non-clausal constituent in the subject position of a passive verb.
Clausal subject
A clausal subject (csubj
) is a clause in the subject position of an active verb.
Clausal subject (passive)
A clausal passive subject (csubjpass
) is a clause in the subject position of a passive verb.
Agent
An agent (agent
) is the complement of a passive verb that is the surface subject of its active form.
Expletive
An expletive (expl
) is an existential there in the subject position.
Objects
Direct object
A direct object (dobj
) is a noun phrase that is the accusative object of a (di)transitive verb.
Dative
A dative (dative
) is a nominal or prepositional object of dative-shifting verb.
Attribute
An attribute (attr
) is a noun phrase that is a non-VP predicate usually following a copula verb.
Object predicate
An object predicate (oprd
) is a non-VP predicate in a small clause that functions like the predicate of an object.
Complements
Clausal complement
A clausal complement (ccomp
) is a clause with an internal subject that modifies the head of an ADJP|ADVP|NML|NP|WHNP|VP|SINV|SQ
.
Open clausal complement
An open clausal complement (xcomp
) is a clause without an internal subject that modifies the head of an ADJP|ADVP|VP|SINV|SQ
.
Adjectival complement
An adjectival complement (acomp
) is an adjective phrase that modifies the head of a VP|SINV|SQ
, that is usually a verb.
Nominals
Appositional modifier
An appositional modifier (appos
) of an NML|NP
is a noun phrase immediately preceded by another noun phrase, which gives additional information to its preceding noun phrase.
Clausal modifier
A finite or non-finite clausal modifier (acl
) is either an infinitival modifier is an infinitive clause or phrase that modifies the head of a noun phrase, or a participial modifier is a clause or phrase whose head is a verb in a participial form (e.g., gerund, past participle) that modifies the head of a noun phrase, or a complement.
Releative clause modifier
A relative clause modifier (relcl
) is a either relative clause or a reduced relative clause that modifies the head of an NML|NP|WHNP
.
Determiner
A determiner (det
) is a word token whose pos tag is DT|WDT|WP
that modifies the head of a noun phrase.
Pre-determiner
A predeterminer (predet
) is a word token whose pos tag is PDT that modifies the head of a noun phrase.
Numeric modifier
A numeric modifier (nummod
) is any number or quantifier phrase that modifies the head of a noun phrase.
Adjectival modifier
An adjectival modifier (amod
) is an adjective or an adjective phrase that modifies the meaning of another word, usually a noun.
Possession modifier
A possession modifier (poss
) is either a possessive determiner (PRP$) or a NML|NP|WHNP containing a possessive ending that modifies the head of a ADJP|NML|NP|QP|WHNP.
Modifier of nominal
A modifier of nominal (nmod
) is any unclassified dependent that modifies the head of a noun phrase.
Adverbials
Adverbial modifier
An adverbial modifier (advmod
) is an adverb or an adverb phrase that modifies the meaning of another word.
Adverbial clause modifier
An adverbial clause modifier (advcl
) is a clause that acts like an adverbial modifier.
Negation modifier
A negation modifier (neg
) is an adverb that gives negative meaning to its head.
Noun phrase as adverbial modifier
An adverbial noun phrase modifier (npmod
) is a noun phrase that acts like an adverbial modifier.
Prepositions
Object of a preposition
An object of a preposition (pobj
) is a noun phrase that modifies the head of a prepositional phrase, which is usually a preposition but can be a verb in a participial form such as VBG
.
Complement of a preposition
A complement of a preposition (pcomp
) is any dependent that is not a pobj
but modifies the head of a prepositional phrase.
Coordination
Conjunct
A conjunct (conj
) is a dependent of the leftmost conjunct in coordination.
Coordinating conjunction
A coordinating conjunction (cc
) is a dependent of the leftmost conjunct in coordination.
Pre-correlative conjunction
A pre-correlative conjunction (preconj
) is the first part of a correlative conjunction that becomes a dependent of the first conjunct in coordination.
Prepositional modifier
A prepositional modifier (prep
) is any prepositional phrase that modifies the meaning of its head.
Auxiliaries
Auxiliary
An auxiliary (aux
) is an auxiliary or modal verb that gives further information about the main verb (e.g., tense, aspect).
Auxiliary (passive)
A passive auxiliary (auxpass
) is an auxiliary verb, be, become, or get, that modifies a passive verb.
Compund words
Compound
A compound (compound
) is either a noun modifying the head of noun phrase, a number modifying the head of quantifier phrase, or a hyphenated word (or a preposition modifying the head of the prepositioanl phrase).
Particle
A particle (prt
) is a preposition in a phrasal verb that forms a verb-particle construction.
Case marker
A case marker (case
) is either a possessive marker, ...
Marker
A marker (mark
) is either a subordinating conjunction (e.g., although, because, while) that introduces an adverbial clause modifier, or a subordinating conjunction, if, that, or whether, that introduces a clausal complement.
Miscellaneous
Unclassified dependent
An unclassified dependent (dep
) is a dependent that does not satisfy conditions for any other dependency.
Meta modifier
A meta modifier (meta
) is code (1), embedded (2), or meta (3) information that is randomly inserted in a phrase or clause.
Parenthetical modifier
A parenthetical modifier (parataxis
) is an embedded chunk, often but not necessarily surrounded by parenthetical notations (e.g,. brackets, quotes, commas, etc.), which gives side information to its head.
Punctuation
Any punctuation (punct
) is assigned the dependency label PUNCT.
Root
A root (root
) is the root of a tree that does not depend on any node in the tree but the artificial root node.