C++/OpenGL 入门(13):改变窗口大小重新计算投影矩阵

1. 来源：《Computer Graphics Programming in OpenGL Using C++ 》by V Scott
   Gordon John L Clevenger
2. 内容：程序4.41 Pre-Computing the Perspective Matrix，书P97页，PDF116/403
3. 动画和实时渲染中需要反复调用 display 函数，所以需要使得 display 函数执行速度最快。 尽可能避免 display
   函数执行任何分配空间的步骤，比如：①实例化对象 ② 声明变量。
4. 还可以将透视矩阵的计算移动到 init 函数中，同时在运行程序时调整窗口大小，由此 init、 display、 main 函数都需要修改
5. 结果：

C++/OpenGL 入门(13):改变窗口大小重新计算投影矩阵

修改的部分：

定义矩阵堆栈

// 创建一个矩阵堆栈
stack<glm::mat4> mvStack;

init 函数中增加 通过窗口大小计算透视矩阵的部分

void init(GLFWwindow* window) {


	renderingProgram = createShaderProgram("add/4.12 vertShader.glsl", "add/4.12 fragShader.glsl");
	cameraX = 0.0f; cameraY = 2.0f; cameraZ = 15.0f;

	setupVertices();

	// 通过窗口大小计算p矩阵 build perspective matrix
	glfwGetFramebufferSize(window, &width, &height);
	aspect = (float)width / (float)height;
	pMat = glm::perspective(1.0472f, aspect, 0.1f, 1000.0f); // 1.0472 radians = 60 degrees
}

定义新的函数，实现计算透视矩阵功能

void window_reshape_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int newWidth, int newHeight) {
	aspect = (float)newWidth / (float)newHeight; // new width&height provided by the callback
	glViewport(0, 0, newWidth, newHeight); // sets screen region associated with framebuffer 
	pMat = glm::perspective(1.0472f, aspect, 0.1f, 1000.0f);
}

main 函数中，在 init 函数之前增加调用 glfwSetWindowSizeCallback 函数

glfwSetWindowSizeCallback(window, window_reshape_callback); // 在exe中直接改变窗口大小
init(window);

程序4.41 Pre-Computing the Perspective Matrix

文件1： 4.41 SolarSystem.cpp

#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <cmath>
#include <stack> 


#include "glm\glm.hpp"
#include "glm\gtc\type_ptr.hpp"
#include "glm\gtc\matrix_transform.hpp"
#include "Utils\4.1 Utils.h"
using namespace std;
#define numVAOs 1
#define numVBOs 2
float cameraX, cameraY, cameraZ;


GLuint renderingProgram;
GLuint vao[numVAOs];
GLuint vbo[numVBOs];

// allocate variables used in display() function, 
// so that they won’t need to be allocated during rendering
GLuint mvLoc, projLoc;
int width, height;
float aspect;
glm::mat4 pMat, vMat, mMat, mvMat;

// 创建一个矩阵堆栈
stack<glm::mat4> mvStack;

void setupVertices(void) {
	// 36 vertices, 12 triangles, makes 2x2x2 cube placed at origin
	float CubePositions[108] = {
	 -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,
	 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f,
	 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f,
	 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f,
	 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
	 -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
	 -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
	 -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
	 -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,
	 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f,
	 -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
	 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f
	};
	// pyramid with 18 vertices, comprising 6 triangles (four sides, and two on the bottom)
	float pyramidPositions[54] =
	{ -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, // front face
	 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, // right face
	 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, // back face
	 -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, // left face
	 -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, // base – left front
	 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f // base – right back
	};
	glGenVertexArrays(1, vao);
	glBindVertexArray(vao[0]);
	glGenBuffers(numVBOs, vbo);
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[0]);
	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(CubePositions), CubePositions, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[1]);
	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(pyramidPositions), pyramidPositions, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
}
void init(GLFWwindow* window) {


	renderingProgram = createShaderProgram("add/4.12 vertShader.glsl", "add/4.12 fragShader.glsl");
	cameraX = 0.0f; cameraY = 2.0f; cameraZ = 15.0f;

	setupVertices();

	// 通过窗口大小计算p矩阵 build perspective matrix
	glfwGetFramebufferSize(window, &width, &height);
	aspect = (float)width / (float)height;
	pMat = glm::perspective(1.0472f, aspect, 0.1f, 1000.0f); // 1.0472 radians = 60 degrees
}

void display(GLFWwindow* window, double currentTime) {
	glClear(GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
	glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
	glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); // 每一次都将背景清理（clear）为黑色
	glUseProgram(renderingProgram);
	// get the uniform variables for the MV and projection matrices
	mvLoc = glGetUniformLocation(renderingProgram, "mv_matrix");
	projLoc = glGetUniformLocation(renderingProgram, "proj_matrix");
	
	// build view matrix, model matrix, and model-view matrix
	vMat = glm::translate(glm::mat4(1.0f), glm::vec3(-cameraX, -cameraY, -cameraZ));
	mvStack.push(vMat);
	// ---------------------- pyramid == sun --------------------------------------------
	mvStack.push(mvStack.top());
	mvStack.top() *= glm::translate(glm::mat4(1.0f), glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f)); // sun position
	mvStack.push(mvStack.top());
	mvStack.top() *= glm::rotate(glm::mat4(1.0f), (float)currentTime, glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
	// sun rotation
	glUniformMatrix4fv(mvLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(mvStack.top()));
	glUniformMatrix4fv(projLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(pMat));
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[1]);
	glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
	glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
	glEnable(GL_LEQUAL);
	glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 18); // draw the sun
	mvStack.pop(); // remove the sun’s axial rotation from the stack
	//----------------------- cube == planet ---------------------------------------------
	mvStack.push(mvStack.top());
	mvStack.top() *=
		glm::translate(glm::mat4(1.0f), glm::vec3(sin((float)currentTime)*6.0, 0.0f, cos((float)currentTime)*6.0));
	mvStack.push(mvStack.top());
	mvStack.top() *= glm::rotate(glm::mat4(1.0f), (float)currentTime, glm::vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0));
	mvStack.top() *= glm::scale(glm::mat4(1.0f), glm::vec3(0.75f, 0.75f, 0.75f)); // make the moon smaller
	// planet rotation
	glUniformMatrix4fv(mvLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(mvStack.top()));
	glUniformMatrix4fv(projLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(pMat));
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[0]);
	glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
	glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36); // draw the planet
	mvStack.pop(); // remove the planet’s axial rotation from the stack
	//----------------------- smaller cube == moon -----------------------------------
	mvStack.push(mvStack.top());
	mvStack.top() *=
		glm::translate(glm::mat4(1.0f), glm::vec3(0.0f, sin((float)currentTime)*2.0,
			cos((float)currentTime)*2.0));
	mvStack.top() *= glm::rotate(glm::mat4(1.0f), (float)currentTime, glm::vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0));
	// moon rotation
	mvStack.top() *= glm::scale(glm::mat4(1.0f), glm::vec3(0.25f, 0.25f, 0.25f)); // make the moon smaller
	glUniformMatrix4fv(mvLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(mvStack.top()));
	glUniformMatrix4fv(projLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(pMat));
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[0]);
	glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
	glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36); // draw the moon
	// remove moon scale/rotation/position, planet position, sun position, and view matrices from stack
	mvStack.pop(); mvStack.pop(); mvStack.pop(); mvStack.pop();
}

void window_reshape_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int newWidth, int newHeight) {
	aspect = (float)newWidth / (float)newHeight; // new width&height provided by the callback
	glViewport(0, 0, newWidth, newHeight); // sets screen region associated with framebuffer 
	pMat = glm::perspective(1.0472f, aspect, 0.1f, 1000.0f);
}

int main(void) { // main() is unchanged from before
	if (!glfwInit()) { exit(EXIT_FAILURE); }
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 4);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
	GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(600, 600, "Chapter 4 - program 4", NULL, NULL);
	glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
	if (glewInit() != GLEW_OK) { exit(EXIT_FAILURE); }
	glfwSwapInterval(1);
	glfwSetWindowSizeCallback(window, window_reshape_callback); // 在exe中直接改变窗口大小
	init(window);
	while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
		display(window, glfwGetTime());
		glfwSwapBuffers(window);
		glfwPollEvents();
	}
	glfwDestroyWindow(window);
	glfwTerminate();
	exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

文件2： 4.12 vertShader.glsl

#version 430
layout (location=0) in vec3 position;
uniform mat4 mv_matrix;
uniform mat4 proj_matrix;
out vec4 varyingColor;
void main(void)
{ gl_Position = proj_matrix * mv_matrix * vec4(position,1.0);
varyingColor = vec4(position,1.0) * 0.5 + vec4(0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5);
}

文件3： 4.12 fragShader.glsl

#version 430
in vec4 varyingColor;
out vec4 color;
uniform mat4 mv_matrix;
uniform mat4 proj_matrix;
void main(void)
{ color = varyingColor;
}