准备工作
- 树莓派安装Ubuntu，直接从官网下载对应的镜像烧写工具下载地址，工具里面准备好了对应的镜像地址，直接烧写入SD卡就行了
- 进入系统，ubuntu-server22.04默认密码应该是ubuntu，账号和密码一样
- 更新源，安装必要的库，如果网速不行的话简易更换源，需要注意，树莓派是arm架构，对应的源应该是ubuntu-ports，个人觉得没有必要换，官方的源网速也很快了
点击旁边的问号可以看到使用帮助
在树莓派上执行下列命令：
1 sudo apt update
安装qt运行环境Ubuntu22前应该是qt5-default，22可以安装qtbase5-dev
2 sudo apt install qt5-default #或者
sudo apt install qtbase5-dev
安装opengl运行环境
因为安装的是Ubuntu，所以参照Ubuntu安装OpenGL环境就可以了
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_40520596/article/details/111663646
在X86的Linux执行下列命令
sudo apt update #更新源
apt-cache search aarch64# 查看可以安装的版本，树莓派是aarch64架构
sudo apt install gcc-9-aarch64-linux-gnu#选择一个版本进行下载
sudo apt install g++-9-aarch64-linux-gnu
sudo apt --fix-broken install#安装依赖
此时应该可以在/usr/bin目录下看到aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc-9和对应的g++-9
不想要后面的-9可以复制一份改名或者建立一个链接
树莓派需要和X86电脑建立网络连接
环境搭建
- 同步根文件目录
用mkdir在X86的Linux上创建一个根文件目录 （记住这个目录）
mkdir ~/sysroot-raspi
- 从树莓派上同步其根文件系统
在X86的Linux：
cd ~/sysroot-raspi #进入刚刚建立好的根文件目录
rsync -avz 树莓派用户名@树莓派的ip:/lib ./ 将lib目录同步
mkdir ~/sysroot-raspi/usr #建立并同步usr目录
rsync -avz 树莓派用户名@树莓派的ip:/usr/lib ./usr
rsync -avz 树莓派用户名@树莓派的ip:/usr/include ./usr#
最后处理库之间的连接关系
cd ~
pyhton sysroot-relativelinks.py sysroot-raspi#这个参数是根文件目录名称
sysroot-relativelinks.py内容如下
#!/usr/bin/env python
import sys
import os
# Take a sysroot directory and turn all the abolute symlinks and turn them into
# relative ones such that the sysroot is usable within another system.
if len(sys.argv) != 2:
print("Usage is " + sys.argv[0] + "<directory>")
sys.exit(1)
topdir = sys.argv[1]
topdir = os.path.abspath(topdir)
def handlelink(filep, subdir):
link = os.readlink(filep)
if link[0] != "/":
return
if link.startswith(topdir):
return
#print("Replacing %s with %s for %s" % (link, topdir+link, filep))
print("Replacing %s with %s for %s" % (link, os.path.relpath(topdir+link, subdir), filep))
os.unlink(filep)
os.symlink(os.path.relpath(topdir+link, subdir), filep)
for subdir, dirs, files in os.walk(topdir):
for f in files:
filep = os.path.join(subdir, f)
if os.path.islink(filep):
#print("Considering %s" % filep)
handlelink(filep, subdir)
至此，根文件目录搭建完成，我们便在X86的电脑上拥有了对应和树莓派一样的文件环境
准备编译
进入Qt源码目录
以下命令均在X86_Linux下运行
cd QT解压目录/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.8#进入Qt源码目录
mkdir build #建立一个build目录并cd进入
cd build
sudo vim ../qtbase/mkspecs/linux-aarch64-gnu-g++/qmake.conf#编辑对应的CMake规则文件
我的qmake.conf文件，根据自己的情况调整
MAKEFILE_GENERATOR = UNIX
CONFIG += incremental
QMAKE_INCREMENTAL_STYLE = sublib
include(../common/linux.conf)
include(../common/gcc-base-unix.conf)
include(../common/g++-unix.conf)
QT_QPA_DEFAULT_PLATFORM=linuxfb#可以改为eglfs
QMAKE_CFLAGS_RELEASE += -O2 -march=armv8-a -lts
QMAKE_CXXFLAGS_RELEASE += -O2 -march=armv8-a -lts
sysroot=/home/lhh/sysroot-raspi
QMAKE_INCDIR_OPENGL[_ES2] += ${sysroot}/usr/include
QMAKE_LIBDIR_OPENGL[_ES2] += ${sysroot}/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu
QMAKE_INCDIR_EGL += $$QMAKE_INCDIR_OPENGL[_ES2]
QMAKE_LIBDIR_EGL += $$QMAKE_LIBDIR_OPENGL[_ES2]
QMAKE_INCDIR_OPENVG += $$QMAKE_INCDIR_OPENGL[_ES2]
QMAKE_LIBDIR_OPENVG += $$QMAKE_LIBDIR_OPENGL[_ES2]
QMAKE_LIBS_EGL += -lEGL
QMAKE_LIBS_OPENGL_ES2 += -lGLESv2 -lEGL
EGLFS_DEVICE_INTEGRATION = eglfs_kms
# modifications to g++.conf
#这里，如果你的编译器和我一样是aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc-9，那这后面全部加一个-9
QMAKE_CC = aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc
QMAKE_CXX = aarch64-linux-gnu-g++
QMAKE_LINK = aarch64-linux-gnu-g++
QMAKE_LINK_SHLIB = aarch64-linux-gnu-g++
# modifications to linux.conf
QMAKE_AR = aarch64-linux-gnu-ar cqs
QMAKE_OBJCOPY = aarch64-linux-gnu-objcopy
QMAKE_NM = aarch64-linux-gnu-nm -P
QMAKE_STRIP = aarch64-linux-gnu-strip
load(qt_config)
配置完qmake后，重新进入Qt源码目录下新建立的build文件夹
cd QT解压目录/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.8/build
touch autoconfig.sh# 建立一个build脚本并且赋予执行权限
sudo chmod u+x autoconfig.sh
我的autoconfig.sh文件
#!/bin/sh
rm config.cache
mysysroot=/home/lhh/sysroot-raspi
../configure \
-opengl es2 \
-no-feature-eglfs_brcm \ #这条需要加上，不然编译报错，我在网上看到的，具体为啥不知道
-xplatform linux-aarch64-gnu-g++ \
-device-option CROSS_COMPILE=/usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-g++ \ #交叉编译器路径
-sysroot ${mysysroot} \
-extprefix /opt/qt-5.18-aarch64 \ #安装路径，如果设置prefix，则最终安装在sysroot/的子目录下
-opensource \
-confirm-license \
-skip qtscript \
-skip qtdatavis3d \
-nomake examples \
-make libs \
-xcb \
-tslib \
-pch \
-skip webengine \
-recheck-all \
-pkg-config \
-no-use-gold-linker -v
在源码目录下输入configure -h可以编译选项的解释，这里贴出来
Top-level installation directories:
-prefix <dir> ...... The deployment directory, as seen on the target device.
[/usr/local/Qt-$QT_VERSION; qtbase build directory if
-developer-build]
-extprefix <dir> ... The installation directory, as seen on the host machine.
[SYSROOT/PREFIX]
-hostprefix [dir] .. The installation directory for build tools running on
the host machine. If [dir] is not given, the current
build directory will be used. [EXTPREFIX]
-external-hostbindir <path> ... Path to Qt tools built for this machine.
Use this when -platform does not match the current
system, i.e., to make a Canadian Cross Build.
Fine tuning of installation directory layout. Note that all directories
except -sysconfdir should be located under -prefix/-hostprefix:
-bindir <dir> ......... Executables [PREFIX/bin]
-headerdir <dir> ...... Header files [PREFIX/include]
-libdir <dir> ......... Libraries [PREFIX/lib]
-archdatadir <dir> .... Arch-dependent data [PREFIX]
-plugindir <dir> ...... Plugins [ARCHDATADIR/plugins]
-libexecdir <dir> ..... Helper programs [ARCHDATADIR/bin on Windows,
ARCHDATADIR/libexec otherwise]
-importdir <dir> ...... QML1 imports [ARCHDATADIR/imports]
-qmldir <dir> ......... QML2 imports [ARCHDATADIR/qml]
-datadir <dir> ........ Arch-independent data [PREFIX]
-docdir <dir> ......... Documentation [DATADIR/doc]
-translationdir <dir> . Translations [DATADIR/translations]
-sysconfdir <dir> ..... Settings used by Qt programs [PREFIX/etc/xdg]
-examplesdir <dir> .... Examples [PREFIX/examples]
-testsdir <dir> ....... Tests [PREFIX/tests]
-hostbindir <dir> ..... Host executables [HOSTPREFIX/bin]
-hostlibdir <dir> ..... Host libraries [HOSTPREFIX/lib]
-hostdatadir <dir> .... Data used by qmake [HOSTPREFIX]
Conventions for the remaining options: When an option's description is
followed by a list of values in brackets, the interpretation is as follows:
'yes' represents the bare option; all other values are possible prefixes to
the option, e.g., -no-gui. Alternatively, the value can be assigned, e.g.,
--gui=yes. Values are listed in the order they are tried if not specified;
'auto' is a shorthand for 'yes/no'. Solitary 'yes' and 'no' represent binary
options without auto-detection.
Configure meta:
-help, -h ............ Display this help screen
-verbose, -v ......... Print verbose messages during configuration
-continue ............ Continue configure despite errors
-redo ................ Re-configure with previously used options.
Additional options may be passed, but will not be
saved for later use by -redo.
-recheck [test,...] .. Discard cached negative configure test results.
Use this after installing missing dependencies.
Alternatively, if tests are specified, only their
results are discarded.
-recheck-all ......... Discard all cached configure test results.
-feature-<feature> ... Enable <feature>
-no-feature-<feature> Disable <feature> [none]
-list-features ....... List available features. Note that some features
have dedicated command line options as well.
-list-libraries ...... List possible external dependencies.
Build options:
-opensource .......... Build the Open-Source Edition of Qt
-commercial .......... Build the Commercial Edition of Qt
-confirm-license ..... Automatically acknowledge the license
-release ............. Build Qt with debugging turned off [yes]
-debug ............... Build Qt with debugging turned on [no]
-debug-and-release ... Build two versions of Qt, with and without
debugging turned on [yes] (Apple and Windows only)
-optimize-debug ...... Enable debug-friendly optimizations in debug builds
[auto] (Not supported with MSVC or Clang toolchains)
-optimize-size ....... Optimize release builds for size instead of speed [no]
-optimized-tools ..... Build optimized host tools even in debug build [no]
-force-debug-info .... Create symbol files for release builds [no]
-separate-debug-info . Split off debug information to separate files [no]
-gdb-index ........... Index the debug info to speed up GDB
[no; auto if -developer-build with debug info]
-strip ............... Strip release binaries of unneeded symbols [yes]
-gc-binaries ......... Place each function or data item into its own section
and enable linker garbage collection of unused
sections. [auto for static builds, otherwise no]
-force-asserts ....... Enable Q_ASSERT even in release builds [no]
-developer-build ..... Compile and link Qt for developing Qt itself
(exports for auto-tests, extra checks, etc.) [no]
-shared .............. Build shared Qt libraries [yes] (no for UIKit)
-static .............. Build static Qt libraries [no] (yes for UIKit)
-framework ........... Build Qt framework bundles [yes] (Apple only)
-platform <target> ... Select host mkspec [detected]
-xplatform <target> .. Select target mkspec when cross-compiling [PLATFORM]
-device <name> ....... Cross-compile for device <name>
-device-option <key=value> ... Add option for the device mkspec
-appstore-compliant .. Disable code that is not allowed in platform app stores.
This is on by default for platforms which require distribution
through an app store by default, in particular Android,
iOS, tvOS, watchOS, and Universal Windows Platform. [auto]
-qtnamespace <name> .. Wrap all Qt library code in 'namespace <name> {...}'.
-qtlibinfix <infix> .. Rename all libQt5*.so to libQt5*<infix>.so.
-qtlibinfix-plugins .. Rename Qt plugins according to -qtlibinfix [no]
-testcocoon .......... Instrument with the TestCocoon code coverage tool [no]
-gcov ................ Instrument with the GCov code coverage tool [no]
-trace [backend] ..... Enable instrumentation with tracepoints.
Currently supported backends are 'etw' (Windows) and
'lttng' (Linux), or 'yes' for auto-detection. [no]
-sanitize {address|thread|memory|fuzzer-no-link|undefined}
Instrument with the specified compiler sanitizer.
Note that some sanitizers cannot be combined;
for example, -sanitize address cannot be combined with
-sanitize thread.
-coverage {trace-pc-guard|source-based}
Specify the 'trace-pc-guard' coverage instrumentation for
sanitizers or generate instrumented code to collect execution
counts and enable code coverage analysis, respectively. (Clang only)
-c++std <edition> .... Select C++ standard <edition> [c++2a/c++17/c++14/c++11]
(Not supported with MSVC 2015)
-sse2 ................ Use SSE2 instructions [auto]
-sse3/-ssse3/-sse4.1/-sse4.2/-avx/-avx2/-avx512
Enable use of particular x86 instructions [auto]
Enabled ones are still subject to runtime detection.
-mips_dsp/-mips_dspr2 Use MIPS DSP/rev2 instructions [auto]
-qreal <type> ........ typedef qreal to the specified type. [double]
Note: this affects binary compatibility.
-R <string> .......... Add an explicit runtime library path to the Qt
libraries. Supports paths relative to LIBDIR.
-rpath ............... Link Qt libraries and executables using the library
install path as a runtime library path. Similar to
-R LIBDIR. On Apple platforms, disabling this implies
using absolute install names (based in LIBDIR) for
dynamic libraries and frameworks. [auto]
-reduce-exports ...... Reduce amount of exported symbols [auto]
-reduce-relocations .. Reduce amount of relocations [auto] (Unix only)
-plugin-manifests .... Embed manifests into plugins [no] (Windows only)
-static-runtime ...... With -static, use static runtime [no] (Windows only)
-pch ................. Use precompiled headers [auto]
-ltcg ................ Use Link Time Code Generation [no]
-linker [bfd,gold,lld] Force use of the GNU ld, GNU gold or LLVM/LLD linker
instead of default one (GCC only)
-incredibuild-xge .... Use the IncrediBuild XGE [no] (Windows only)
-ccache .............. Use the ccache compiler cache [no] (Unix only)
-make-tool <tool> .... Use <tool> to build qmake [nmake] (Windows only)
-mp .................. Use multiple processors for compilation (MSVC only)
-warnings-are-errors . Treat warnings as errors [no; yes if -developer-build]
-silent .............. Reduce the build output so that warnings and errors
can be seen more easily
Build environment:
-sysroot <dir> ....... Set <dir> as the target sysroot
-gcc-sysroot ......... With -sysroot, pass --sysroot to the compiler [yes]
-pkg-config .......... Use pkg-config [auto] (Unix only)
-D <string> .......... Pass additional preprocessor define
-I <string> .......... Pass additional include path
-L <string> .......... Pass additional library path
-F <string> .......... Pass additional framework path (Apple only)
-sdk <sdk> ........... Build Qt using Apple provided SDK <sdk>. The argument
should be one of the available SDKs as listed by
'xcodebuild -showsdks'.
Note that the argument applies only to Qt libraries
and applications built using the target mkspec - not
host tools such as qmake, moc, rcc, etc.
-android-sdk path .... Set Android SDK root path [$ANDROID_SDK_ROOT]
-android-ndk path .... Set Android NDK root path [$ANDROID_NDK_ROOT]
-android-ndk-platform Set Android platform
-android-ndk-host .... Set Android NDK host (linux-x86, linux-x86_64, etc.)
[$ANDROID_NDK_HOST]
-android-abis ....... Comma separated Android abis, default is:
armeabi-v7a,arm64-v8a,x86,x86_64
-android-javac-target Set the javac build target version [7]
-android-javac-source Set the javac build source version [7]
-android-style-assets Automatically extract style assets from the device at
run time. This option makes the Android style behave
correctly, but also makes the Android platform plugin
incompatible with the LGPL2.1. [yes]
Component selection:
-skip <repo> ......... Exclude an entire repository from the build.
-make <part> ......... Add <part> to the list of parts to be built.
Specifying this option clears the default list first.
[libs and examples, also tools if not cross-building,
also tests if -developer-build]
-nomake <part> ....... Exclude <part> from the list of parts to be built.
-compile-examples .... When unset, install only the sources of examples
[no on WebAssembly, otherwise yes]
-gui ................. Build the Qt GUI module and dependencies [yes]
-widgets ............. Build the Qt Widgets module and dependencies [yes]
-no-dbus ............. Do not build the Qt D-Bus module
[default on Android and Windows]
-dbus-linked ......... Build Qt D-Bus and link to libdbus-1 [auto]
-dbus-runtime ........ Build Qt D-Bus and dynamically load libdbus-1 [no]
-accessibility ....... Enable accessibility support [yes]
Note: Disabling accessibility is not recommended.
Qt comes with bundled copies of some 3rd party libraries. These are used
by default if auto-detection of the respective system library fails.
Core options:
-doubleconversion .... Select used double conversion library [system/qt/no]
No implies use of sscanf_l and snprintf_l (imprecise).
-glib ................ Enable Glib support [no; auto on Unix]
-eventfd ............. Enable eventfd support
-inotify ............. Enable inotify support
-iconv ............... Enable iconv(3) support [posix/sun/gnu/no] (Unix only)
-icu ................. Enable ICU support [auto]
-pcre ................ Select used libpcre2 [system/qt/no]
-pps ................. Enable PPS support [auto] (QNX only)
-zlib ................ Select used zlib [system/qt]
Logging backends:
-journald .......... Enable journald support [no] (Unix only)
-syslog ............ Enable syslog support [no] (Unix only)
-slog2 ............. Enable slog2 support [auto] (QNX only)
Network options:
-ssl ................. Enable either SSL support method [auto]
-no-openssl .......... Do not use OpenSSL [default on Apple and WinRT]
-openssl-linked ...... Use OpenSSL and link to libssl [no]
-openssl-runtime ..... Use OpenSSL and dynamically load libssl [auto]
-schannel ............ Use Secure Channel [no] (Windows only)
-securetransport ..... Use SecureTransport [auto] (Apple only)
-sctp ................ Enable SCTP support [no]
-libproxy ............ Enable use of libproxy [no]
-system-proxies ...... Use system network proxies by default [yes]
Gui, printing, widget options:
-cups ................ Enable CUPS support [auto] (Unix only)
-fontconfig .......... Enable Fontconfig support [auto] (Unix only)
-freetype ............ Select used FreeType [system/qt/no]
-harfbuzz ............ Select used HarfBuzz-NG [system/qt/no]
(Not auto-detected on Apple and Windows)
-gtk ................. Enable GTK platform theme support [auto]
-lgmon ............... Enable lgmon support [auto] (QNX only)
-no-opengl ........... Disable OpenGL support
-opengl <api> ........ Enable OpenGL support. Supported APIs:
es2 (default on Windows), desktop (default on Unix),
dynamic (Windows only)
-opengles3 ........... Enable OpenGL ES 3.x support instead of ES 2.x [auto]
-egl ................. Enable EGL support [auto]
-angle ............... Use bundled ANGLE to support OpenGL ES 2.0 [auto]
(Windows only)
-combined-angle-lib .. Merge LibEGL and LibGLESv2 into LibANGLE (Windows only)
-qpa <name> .......... Select default QPA backend(s) (e.g., xcb, cocoa, windows)
A prioritized list separated by semi-colons.
-xcb-xlib............. Enable Xcb-Xlib support [auto]
Platform backends:
-direct2d .......... Enable Direct2D support [auto] (Windows only)
-directfb .......... Enable DirectFB support [no] (Unix only)
-eglfs ............. Enable EGLFS support [auto; no on Android and Windows]
-gbm ............... Enable backends for GBM [auto] (Linux only)
-kms ............... Enable backends for KMS [auto] (Linux only)
-linuxfb ........... Enable Linux Framebuffer support [auto] (Linux only)
-xcb ............... Enable X11 support [auto] (Linux only)
Input backends:
-libudev............ Enable udev support [auto]
-evdev ............. Enable evdev support [auto]
-imf ............... Enable IMF support [auto] (QNX only)
-libinput .......... Enable libinput support [auto]
-mtdev ............. Enable mtdev support [auto]
-tslib ............. Enable tslib support [auto]
-bundled-xcb-xinput Use bundled XInput2 support [auto]
-xkbcommon ......... Enable key mapping support [auto]
Image formats:
-gif ............... Enable reading support for GIF [auto]
-ico ............... Enable support for ICO [yes]
-libpng ............ Select used libpng [system/qt/no]
-libjpeg ........... Select used libjpeg [system/qt/no]
Database options:
-sql-<driver> ........ Enable SQL <driver> plugin. Supported drivers:
db2 ibase mysql oci odbc psql sqlite2 sqlite tds
[all auto]
-sqlite .............. Select used sqlite3 [system/qt]
Qt3D options:
-assimp .............. Select used assimp library [system/qt/no]
-qt3d-profile-jobs ... Enable jobs profiling [no]
-qt3d-profile-gl ..... Enable OpenGL profiling [no]
-qt3d-simd ........... Select level of SIMD support [no/sse2/avx2]
-qt3d-render ......... Enable the Qt3D Render aspect [yes]
-qt3d-input .......... Enable the Qt3D Input aspect [yes]
-qt3d-logic .......... Enable the Qt3D Logic aspect [yes]
-qt3d-extras ......... Enable the Qt3D Extras aspect [yes]
-qt3d-animation....... Enable the Qt3D Animation aspect [yes]
Further image format options:
-jasper .............. Enable JPEG-2000 support using the JasPer library [no]
-mng ................. Enable MNG support [no]
-tiff ................ Enable TIFF support [system/qt/no]
-webp ................ Enable WEBP support [system/qt/no]
Multimedia options:
-pulseaudio .......... Enable PulseAudio support [auto] (Unix only)
-alsa ................ Enable ALSA support [auto] (Unix only)
-no-gstreamer ........ Disable support for GStreamer
-gstreamer [version] . Enable GStreamer support [auto]
With no parameter, 1.0 is tried first, then 0.10.
-evr ................. Enables EVR in DirectShow and WMF [auto]
QtQuick3D options:
-assimp .............. Select used assimp library [system/qt/no]
TextToSpeech options:
-flite ............... Enable Flite support [auto] (Unix only)
-flite-alsa .......... Enable Flite with ALSA support [auto] (Unix only)
-speechd ............. Enable speech dispatcher support [auto] (Unix only)
WebEngine options:
-webengine-alsa ................ Enable ALSA support [auto] (Linux only)
-webengine-pulseaudio .......... Enable PulseAudio support [auto]
(Linux only)
-webengine-embedded-build ...... Enable Linux embedded build [auto]
(Linux only)
-webengine-icu ................. Use system ICU libraries [system/qt]
(Linux only)
-webengine-ffmpeg .............. Use system FFmpeg libraries [system/qt]
(Linux only)
-webengine-opus ................ Use system Opus libraries [system/qt]
(Linux only)
-webengine-webp ................ Use system WebP libraries [system/qt]
(Linux only)
-webengine-pepper-plugins ...... Enable use of Pepper Flash and Widevine
plugins [auto]
-webengine-printing-and-pdf .... Enable use of printing and output to PDF
[auto]
-webengine-proprietary-codecs .. Enable support for proprietary codecs [no]
-webengine-spellchecker ........ Enable support for spellchecker [yes]
-webengine-native-spellchecker . Enable support for native spellchecker [no]
(macOS only)
-webengine-webrtc .............. Enable support for WebRTC [auto]
具体需要那些东西，大家根据文档自行修改autoconfig.sh文件，注意配置项的顺序，如果按照文档来最后却报配置项不对，那多半是顺序有问题，往前移一点应该就好了
cd build
sudo ./autoconfig.sh
不出意外应该就没问题
如果需要加入比如tslib freetype之类的支持，那就要现在树莓派上安装对应的库，然后同步到X86电脑上的根文件目录，再运行autoconfig.sh
sudo make -j24 #编译，j后面的数字是线程数，根据自己的电脑来
sudo make install # 安装，安装目录在autoconfig.sh中的extprefix中指定了
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