模板方法模式
模板方式模式,就是你要在一个类中定义一套方法,但这个方法的细节会随着程序不断丰富而发生改变。于是你可以在这个类中写一套模板方法,就是大概搭出一套框架。这个框架的组成封装成各个成员函数。成员函数的细节由子类去实现。这样当方法的实现细节发生变化时,只需要额外再添加实现此细节的子类即可。
看到这里,你会发现设计模式的一个核心思想就是,把需要变化的部分抽离出来,单独封装成类。这样当变化发生时,不需要修改原先的代码,只需要添加类,以遵守程序设计的“开闭原则”。
代码示例
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Cake{
public:
void make(){
makeStart();
makingCakeGerm();
makingCream();
wipeCakeGerm();
piping();
makeFinish();
}
virtual void makeStart(){
std::cout << "make start" << std::endl;
};
virtual void makingCakeGerm(){
std::cout << "make cake germ" << std::endl;
};
virtual void makingCream(){};
void wipeCakeGerm(){
std::cout << "spead the cream into the cake" << std::endl;
};
virtual void piping(){};
virtual void makeFinish(){
std::cout << "make finish" << std::endl;
};
};
class Cake_A : public Cake{
public:
void makingCream(){
std::cout << "vegetable cram, Matcha" << std::endl;
}
void piping(){
std::cout << "frame eight flowers" << std::endl;
}
};
class Cake_B : public Cake{
public:
void makingCream(){
std::cout << "animal cram, Chocolate flavor" << std::endl;
}
void piping(){
std::cout << "frame a happy birthday" << std::endl;
}
};
class Cake_C : public Cake{
public:
void makingCakeGerm(){
std::cout << "make super big cake germ" << std::endl;
}
void makingCream(){
std::cout << "animal cram, Chocolate flavor" << std::endl;
}
void piping(){
std::cout << "frame a happy birthday" << std::endl;
}
};
int main(){
Cake_A* a = new Cake_A();
Cake_B* b = new Cake_B();
Cake_C* c = new Cake_C();
a->make();
std::cout << "***********" << std::endl;
b->make();
std::cout << "***********" << std::endl;
c->make();
delete a;
delete b;
delete c;
}