Qt入门（计算机视觉作业为例）
-
作业描述
必做：彩色图像灰度化处理； 灰度直方图；
选做：灰度图像的伪彩图像； -
实现环境
VS2015+Qt5.7.0 -
新建项目
然后一路Finish
建好工程后进行环境变量配置：
包含目录添加：
C:\Qt\Qt5.7.0\5.7\msvc2015_64\include
D:\opencv\build\include
D:\opencv\build\include\opencv
D:\opencv\build\include\opencv2
库目录添加：
C:\Qt\Qt5.7.0\5.7\msvc2015_64\lib
D:\opencv\build\x64\vc14\lib
预处理器内容：
UNICODE
WIN32
QT_DLL
QT_CORE_LIB
QT_GUI_LIB
QT_WIDGETS_LIB
_DEBUG
附加依赖项：
qtmaind.lib
Qt5Cored.lib
Qt5Guid.lib
Qt5Widgetsd.lib
opencv_world330d.lib（手动添加）
- 实现过程
因为不会用Qt，所以现在VS里写了三个函数分别实现功能，再考虑界面设计； - 代码
week1_qt.ui
week1_qt.h
#ifndef WEEK1_QT_H
#define WEEK1_QT_H
#include <QtWidgets/QMainWindow>
#include "ui_week1_qt.h"
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <QImage>
#include <QPixmap>
#include <QFileDialog>
#include <QMessageBox>
#include <QScreen>
#include <QGuiApplication>
#include<QGraphicsScene>
#include<QGraphicsView> //graphicsview类
#include<opencv2\imgproc\imgproc.hpp>
#include <opencv2\core\core.hpp>
#include <opencv2\highgui\highgui.hpp> //opencv申明
#include <qfiledialog.h> //getopenfilename 类申明
#include <qlabel.h>
//QT_CHARTS_USE_NAMESPACE
class week1_qt : public QMainWindow
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
week1_qt(QWidget *parent = 0);
~week1_qt();
//自定义变量
cv::Mat src;
//自定义其他函数
private:
Ui::week1_qtClass ui;
//自定义变量
cv::Mat image;
QLabel *label = new QLabel;
//信号函数
signals:
//槽函数
private slots:
void pushButton_1_clicked();
void pushButton_2_clicked();
void pushButton_3_clicked();
void pushButton_4_clicked();
void pushButton_5_clicked();
};
#endif // WEEK1_QT_H
main.cpp
#include "week1_qt.h"
#include <QtWidgets/QApplication>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
QApplication a(argc, argv);
week1_qt w;
w.show();
return a.exec();
}
week1_qt.cpp
#include "week1_qt.h"
#include <QMainWindow>
#include <QtGui>
#include <QtWidgets>
//#pragma execution_character_set("utf-8") // 解决汉字乱码问题，注意！！！
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
//主函数
week1_qt::week1_qt(QWidget *parent)
: QMainWindow(parent)
{
ui.setupUi(this);
}
week1_qt::~week1_qt()
{
}
//普通函数
//彩色图像灰度化处理（采用加权法）
Mat RGB2GRAY(Mat src)
{
if (src.channels() == 1)
{
return src;
}
else if (src.channels() == 3 || src.channels() == 4)//第四通道表示透明度
{
//参数及初始化
Mat dst(src.rows, src.cols, CV_8UC1, Scalar(255));
double B, G, R;
B = 0.114;
G = 0.587;
R = 0.299;
int b_val, g_val, r_val;
//赋值
for (int i = 0; i < src.rows; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < src.cols; j++)
{
b_val = src.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[0];
g_val = src.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[1];
r_val = src.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[2];
dst.at<uchar>(i, j) = saturate_cast<uchar>(B*b_val + G*g_val + R*r_val);
}
}
return dst;
}
else
{
throw "error";
}
//cvtColor(src, dst, COLOR_BGR2GRAY, 0);
}
//灰度直方图（灰度图，彩图）
Mat Histogram(Mat src)
{
//灰度图
if (src.channels() == 1)
{
//参数准备
Mat dstHist;
int channels = 0;
int dims = 1;
int Num = 256;
int size[] = { Num };
float hranges[] = { 0,255 };
const float *ranges[] = { hranges };
//计算图像直方图
calcHist(&src, 1, &channels, Mat(), dstHist, dims, size, ranges);
int scale = 1;
Mat dst(Num * scale, Num, CV_8U, Scalar(0));
//获取最大值和最小值
double minValue = 0;
double maxValue = 0;
minMaxLoc(dstHist, &minValue, &maxValue, 0, 0);
//绘制出直方图
int hpt = saturate_cast<int>(0.9 * Num);
for (int i = 0; i < Num; i++)
{
float binValue = dstHist.at<float>(i);
int realValue = saturate_cast<int>(binValue * hpt / maxValue);
rectangle(dst, Point(i * scale, Num - 1), Point((i + 1)*scale - 1, Num - realValue), Scalar(255));
}
return dst;
}
else if (src.channels() == 3 || src.channels() == 4)
{
//参数准备
int bins = 256;
int hist_size[] = { bins };
float range[] = { 0, 256 };
const float* ranges[] = { range };
Mat redHist, grayHist, blueHist;
//直方图计算（红色部分）
int channels_r[] = { 0 };
calcHist(&src, 1, channels_r, Mat(), redHist, 1, hist_size, ranges);
//直方图计算（绿色部分）
int channels_g[] = { 1 };
calcHist(&src, 1, channels_g, Mat(), grayHist, 1, hist_size, ranges);
//直方图计算（蓝色部分）
int channels_b[] = { 2 };
calcHist(&src, 1, channels_b, Mat(), blueHist, 1, hist_size, ranges);
//绘制三色直方图
//1、参数准备
double maxValue_red, maxValue_green, maxValue_blue;
minMaxLoc(redHist, 0, &maxValue_red, 0, 0);
minMaxLoc(grayHist, 0, &maxValue_green, 0, 0);
minMaxLoc(blueHist, 0, &maxValue_blue, 0, 0);
int scale = 1;
int histHeight = 256;
Mat dst = Mat::zeros(histHeight, bins * 3, CV_8UC3);
//2、正式绘制
for (int i = 0; i<bins; i++)
{
//参数准备
float binValue_red = redHist.at<float>(i);
float binValue_green = grayHist.at<float>(i);
float binValue_blue = blueHist.at<float>(i);
int intensity_red = cvRound(binValue_red*histHeight / maxValue_red); //要绘制的高度
int intensity_green = cvRound(binValue_green*histHeight / maxValue_green); //要绘制的高度
int intensity_blue = cvRound(binValue_blue*histHeight / maxValue_blue); //要绘制的高度
//绘制红色分量的直方图
rectangle(dst, Point(i*scale, histHeight - 1), Point((i + 1)*scale - 1, histHeight - intensity_red), Scalar(255, 0, 0));
//绘制绿色分量的直方图
rectangle(dst, Point((i + bins)*scale, histHeight - 1), Point((i + bins + 1)*scale - 1, histHeight - intensity_green), Scalar(0, 255, 0));
//绘制蓝色分量的直方图
rectangle(dst, Point((i + bins * 2)*scale, histHeight - 1), Point((i + bins * 2 + 1)*scale - 1, histHeight - intensity_blue), Scalar(0, 0, 255));
}
return dst;
}
else
{
throw "error";
}
}
//灰度图像的伪彩图像
Mat GRAY2RGB(Mat src)
{
if (src.channels() == 1)
{
//参数初始化
Mat dst(src.rows, src.cols, CV_8UC3, Scalar(0, 0, 0));
uchar r_val, g_val, b_val;
uchar gray_val;
//色彩转换
for (int i = 0; i < src.rows; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < src.cols; j++)
{
gray_val = src.at<uchar>(i, j);
//计算RGB通道像素值
if ((gray_val >= 0) && (gray_val <= 63))
{
r_val = 0;
g_val = saturate_cast<uchar>(254 - 4 * gray_val);
b_val = 255;
}
else if ((gray_val >= 64) && (gray_val <= 127))
{
r_val = 0;
g_val = saturate_cast<uchar>(4 * gray_val - 254);
b_val = saturate_cast<uchar>(510 - 4 * gray_val);
}
else if ((gray_val >= 128) && (gray_val <= 191))
{
r_val = saturate_cast<uchar>(4 * gray_val - 510);
g_val = 255;
b_val = 0;
}
else if ((gray_val >= 192) && (gray_val <= 255))
{
r_val = 255;
g_val = saturate_cast<uchar>(1022 - 4 * gray_val);
b_val = 0;
}
else
{
throw "red error";
}
//赋值
dst.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[2] = r_val;
dst.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[1] = g_val;
dst.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[0] = b_val;
}
}
return dst;
}
else if (src.channels() == 3 || src.channels() == 4)
{
return src;
}
else
{
throw "error";
}
}
//信号与槽函数
//槽函数
//读入图片
void week1_qt::pushButton_1_clicked()
{
QString fileName = QFileDialog::getOpenFileName(this, tr("File Dialog"), "E:", tr("pic file(* png * jpg * bmp)"));
//判断是否有选择文件
if ("" == fileName) return;
//读取文件，并把QString类型转化为string
src = imread(string((const char *)fileName.toLocal8Bit()));
//显示图片
imshow("原图", src);
waitKey(0);
}
//灰度图
void week1_qt::pushButton_2_clicked()
{
Mat dst1 = RGB2GRAY(src);
imshow("灰度图", dst1);
}
//直方图
void week1_qt::pushButton_3_clicked()
{
Mat dst2 = Histogram(src);
imshow("彩色直方图", dst2);
Mat dst3 = Histogram(RGB2GRAY(src));
imshow("灰度直方图", dst3);
waitKey(0);
}
//伪彩图
void week1_qt::pushButton_4_clicked()
{
Mat dst4 = GRAY2RGB(RGB2GRAY(src));
imshow("伪彩图", dst4);
}
void week1_qt::pushButton_5_clicked()
{
Mat dst1 = RGB2GRAY(src);
Mat dst2 = Histogram(src);
Mat dst3 = Histogram(RGB2GRAY(src));
Mat dst4 = GRAY2RGB(RGB2GRAY(src));
imwrite("原图.jpg", src);
imwrite("灰度图.jpg", dst1);
imwrite("彩图直方图.jpg", dst2);
imwrite("灰度直方图.jpg", dst3);
imwrite("灰度伪彩图.jpg", dst4);
}
自定义的槽函数要在.ui文件中添加进去：
如果槽函数按照系统给定的方式命名，则会出现触发两次按钮的情况，因为该按钮会自动连接系统命名的槽函数，我们再添加的话相当于又连接一次（自动命名规则：例如on_QPushButton_clicked）
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