从零开始学习opengl-3.纹理

shader.cpp

#include <iostream>

// GLEW
#define GLEW_STATIC
#include <GL/glew.h>

// GLFW
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>

// Other Libs
#include <SOIL.h>

// Other includes
#include "Shader.h"


// Function prototypes
void key_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int key, int scancode, int action, int mode);

// Window dimensions
const GLuint WIDTH = 800, HEIGHT = 600;

// The MAIN function, from here we start the application and run the game loop
int main()
{
	// Init GLFW
	glfwInit();
	// Set all the required options for GLFW
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_RESIZABLE, GL_FALSE);

	// Create a GLFWwindow object that we can use for GLFW's functions
	GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(WIDTH, HEIGHT, "LearnOpenGL", nullptr, nullptr);
	glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);

	// Set the required callback functions
	glfwSetKeyCallback(window, key_callback);

	// Set this to true so GLEW knows to use a modern approach to retrieving function pointers and extensions
	glewExperimental = GL_TRUE;
	// Initialize GLEW to setup the OpenGL Function pointers
	glewInit();

	// Define the viewport dimensions
	glViewport(0, 0, WIDTH, HEIGHT);


	// Build and compile our shader program
	Shader ourShader("default.vs", "default.frag");


	// Set up vertex data (and buffer(s)) and attribute pointers
	GLfloat vertices[] = {
		// Positions          // Colors           // Texture Coords
		 0.5f,  0.5f, 0.0f,   1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,   1.0f, 1.0f, // Top Right
		 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,   0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,   1.0f, 0.0f, // Bottom Right
		-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,   0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,   0.0f, 0.0f, // Bottom Left
		-0.5f,  0.5f, 0.0f,   1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,   0.0f, 1.0f  // Top Left 
	};
	GLuint indices[] = {  // Note that we start from 0!
		0, 1, 3, // First Triangle
		1, 2, 3  // Second Triangle
	};
	GLuint VBO, VAO, EBO;
	glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
	glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
	glGenBuffers(1, &EBO);

	glBindVertexArray(VAO);

	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

	glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, EBO);
	glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indices), indices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

	// Position attribute
	glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)0);
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
	// Color attribute
	glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)(3 * sizeof(GLfloat)));
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
	// TexCoord attribute
	glVertexAttribPointer(2, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)(6 * sizeof(GLfloat)));
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(2);

	glBindVertexArray(0); // Unbind VAO


	// Load and create a texture 
	GLuint texture;
	//生成纹理并存入
	glGenTextures(1, &texture);
	//绑定当前纹理
	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture); // All upcoming GL_TEXTURE_2D operations now have effect on this texture object
	// 忽略纹理坐标的整数部分，并将纹理图的拷贝粘贴在物体表面上
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);	// Set texture wrapping to GL_REPEAT (usually basic wrapping method)
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
	// 纹理被缩小时和被放大时使用线性过滤（更平滑），邻近过滤有颗粒感
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
	// Load image, create texture and generate mipmaps
	int width, height;
	unsigned char* image = SOIL_load_image("img/wall.jpg", &width, &height, 0, SOIL_LOAD_RGB);
	//为当前绑定的纹理对象就会被附加上纹理图像
	glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, width, height, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, image);
	//为当前绑定的纹理自动生成所有需要的多级渐远纹理
	//提前计算的按比例缩小的纹理就是Mipmaps
	glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
	//释放图像的内存并解绑纹理对象
	SOIL_free_image_data(image);
	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0); 


	// Game loop
	while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
	{
		// Check if any events have been activiated (key pressed, mouse moved etc.) and call corresponding response functions
		glfwPollEvents();

		// Render
		// Clear the colorbuffer
		glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
		glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);


		// Bind Texture
		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);

		// Activate shader
		ourShader.Use();

		// Draw container
		glBindVertexArray(VAO);
		glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 6, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);
		glBindVertexArray(0);

		// Swap the screen buffers
		glfwSwapBuffers(window);
	}
	// Properly de-allocate all resources once they've outlived their purpose
	glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
	glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);
	glDeleteBuffers(1, &EBO);
	// Terminate GLFW, clearing any resources allocated by GLFW.
	glfwTerminate();
	return 0;
}

// Is called whenever a key is pressed/released via GLFW
void key_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int key, int scancode, int action, int mode)
{
	if (key == GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE && action == GLFW_PRESS)
		glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, GL_TRUE);
}

default.vs(顶点着色器)
属性变量首先进入顶点着色器，如果要传递给片元着色器，需要在顶点着色器中定义输出变量输出到片元着色器

#version 330 core
layout (location = 0) in vec3 position;
layout (location = 1) in vec3 color;
layout (location = 2) in vec2 texCoord;

out vec3 ourColor;
out vec2 TexCoord;

void main()
{
    gl_Position = vec4(position, 1.0f);
    ourColor = color;
    TexCoord = texCoord;
}

default.frag（片段着色器）

#version 330 core
in vec3 ourColor;
in vec2 TexCoord;

out vec4 color;

uniform sampler2D ourTexture;

void main()
{
    color = texture(ourTexture, TexCoord);
}

效果图：