用Arduino IDE通过OTA为ESP32编程

OTA(Over the Air) 编程是WiFi-enabled 微处理器，比如ESP32或者是ESP8266可以不用物理接触就对固件或者是应用软件进行升级的一种特性。这个特性对一些难以连接电缆的设备重新下载更新程序非常有用。使用OTA，我们可以在同一个网络下对多个微处理器进行升级。例如，这个特性可以被用来向多个微处理器，耳麦，计算机和机顶盒灯发送更新来解决bug，增加新特性。OTA更新在IoT中也扮演很重要的角色。可以通过互联网进行远程更新配置，软件和固件。

前面我们学习过ESP8266 NodeMCU using OTA, 现在我们来学习over-the-air（OTA）为ESP32进行编程。这是通过OTA Web Update in Arduino IDE来实现。

需要的器件

• ESP32
• Arduino IDE
  

如何通过OTA实现编程

要使用Over the Air（OTA）编程特性，首先是要通过串口来装载一个程序。这个程序包含了HTML代码，保存有OTA更新网页。这样就可以为后来通过浏览器上载程序使用了。将前面说到的程序通过串口上载到ESP32后，会在网络中产生一个web server，这时可以选择通过网页上载一个新程序。

要上载程序前，先要用Arduino IDE连接ESP32板子，选择选择ESP32 Dev Kit。选择正确的串口。

然后，在Arduino IDE中选择File>Example>ArduinoOTA>OTAWebUpdate例子程序。在程序中更改成自己的WiFi名字和密码。

const char* ssid = "Your WiFi Name";
const char* password = "Password";

上载最新的代码到ESP32板子，上载程序后打开串口监视器，按ESP32板子的复位重启按钮，通过串口监视器可以看到这个ESP32服务器的地址。

现在打开默认的浏览器，输入ESP32 IP地址，可以在浏览器中看到下面的画面：

输入用户名和密码，点击login，出现新的画面，如下：

在这里可以更新简单的LED闪耀程序。每个现在的程序中需要又OTA代码。即在OTA代码外增加灯闪烁的程序：

void loop(void)
{
	server.handleClient();
	delay(1);
	digitalWrite(led, HIGH);
	delay(600);
	digitalWrite(led, LOW);
	delay(600);

保存程序。用Sketch>Export compiled Binary。这时在sketch中创建一个.bin的文件。现在，在OTA的web page中选择文件，‘Choose File’ 按钮，选择.bin文件。点击Update按钮。开始上载程序。

下面是不用串口而使用OTA上传程序的代码。

#include <WiFi.h>
#include <WiFiClient.h>
#include <WebServer.h>
#include <ESPmDNS.h>
#include <Update.h>
const char* host = "esp32";
const char* ssid = "Galaxy-M20";
const char* password = "ac312129";
//variabls to blink without delay:
const int led = 2;
WebServer server(80);
/*
 * Login page
 */
const char* loginIndex = 
 "<form name='loginForm'>"
    "<table width='20%' bgcolor='A09F9F' align='center'>"
        "<tr>"
            "<td colspan=2>"
                "<center><font size=4><b>ESP32 Login Page</b></font></center>"
                "<br>"
            "</td>"
            "<br>"
            "<br>"
        "</tr>"
        "<td>Username:</td>"
        "<td><input type='text' size=25 name='userid'><br></td>"
        "</tr>"
        "<br>"
        "<br>"
        "<tr>"
            "<td>Password:</td>"
            "<td><input type='Password' size=25 name='pwd'><br></td>"
            "<br>"
            "<br>"
        "</tr>"
        "<tr>"
            "<td><input type='submit' οnclick='check(this.form)' value='Login'></td>"
        "</tr>"
    "</table>"
"</form>"
"<script>"
    "function check(form)"
    "{"
    "if(form.userid.value=='admin' && form.pwd.value=='admin')"
    "{"
    "window.open('/serverIndex')"
    "}"
    "else"
    "{"
    " alert('Error Password or Username')/*displays error message*/"
    "}"
    "}"
"</script>";
/*
 * Server Index Page
 */
const char* serverIndex = 
"<script src='https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.min.js'></script>"
"<form method='POST' action='#' enctype='multipart/form-data' id='upload_form'>"
   "<input type='file' name='update'>"
        "<input type='submit' value='Update'>"
    "</form>"
 "<div id='prg'>progress: 0%</div>"
 "<script>"
  "$('form').submit(function(e){"
  "e.preventDefault();"
  "var form = $('#upload_form')[0];"
  "var data = new FormData(form);"
  " $.ajax({"
  "url: '/update',"
  "type: 'POST',"
  "data: data,"
  "contentType: false,"
  "processData:false,"
  "xhr: function() {"
  "var xhr = new window.XMLHttpRequest();"
  "xhr.upload.addEventListener('progress', function(evt) {"
  "if (evt.lengthComputable) {"
  "var per = evt.loaded / evt.total;"
  "$('#prg').html('progress: ' + Math.round(per*100) + '%');"
  "}"
  "}, false);"
  "return xhr;"
  "},"
  "success:function(d, s) {"
  "console.log('success!')"
 "},"
 "error: function (a, b, c) {"
 "}"
 "});"
 "});"
 "</script>";
/*
 * setup function
 */
void setup(void) {
  pinMode(led, OUTPUT);
  Serial.begin(115200);
  // Connect to WiFi network
  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
  Serial.println("");
  // Wait for connection
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    delay(500);
    Serial.print(".");
  }
  Serial.println("");
  Serial.print("Connected to ");
  Serial.println(ssid);
  Serial.print("IP address: ");
  Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
  /*use mdns for host name resolution*/
  if (!MDNS.begin(host)) { //http://esp32.local
    Serial.println("Error setting up MDNS responder!");
    while (1) {
      delay(1000);
    }
  }
  Serial.println("mDNS responder started");
  /*return index page which is stored in serverIndex */
  server.on("/", HTTP_GET, []() {
    server.sendHeader("Connection", "close");
    server.send(200, "text/html", loginIndex);
  });
  server.on("/serverIndex", HTTP_GET, []() {
    server.sendHeader("Connection", "close");
    server.send(200, "text/html", serverIndex);
  });
  /*handling uploading firmware file */
  server.on("/update", HTTP_POST, []() {
    server.sendHeader("Connection", "close");
    server.send(200, "text/plain", (Update.hasError()) ? "FAIL" : "OK");
    ESP.restart();
  }, []() {
    HTTPUpload& upload = server.upload();
    if (upload.status == UPLOAD_FILE_START) {
      Serial.printf("Update: %s\n", upload.filename.c_str());
      if (!Update.begin(UPDATE_SIZE_UNKNOWN)) { //start with max available size
        Update.printError(Serial);
      }
    } else if (upload.status == UPLOAD_FILE_WRITE) {
      /* flashing firmware to ESP*/
      if (Update.write(upload.buf, upload.currentSize) != upload.currentSize) {
        Update.printError(Serial);
      }
    } else if (upload.status == UPLOAD_FILE_END) {
      if (Update.end(true)) { //true to set the size to the current progress
        Serial.printf("Update Success: %u\nRebooting...\n", upload.totalSize);
      } else {
        Update.printError(Serial);
      }
    }
  });
  server.begin();
}
void loop(void) {
  server.handleClient();
  delay(1);
  digitalWrite(led, HIGH);
  delay(600);
  digitalWrite(led, LOW);
  delay(600);
 }

原文
https://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller-projects/esp32-ota-programming-using-arduino-ide