Haskell--“$“在Haskell中的作用

$是可以代替括号的一种符号

例如，下面的代码

Prelude> take 1 $ filter even [1..10] 
[2]

如果我们去掉$会怎么样呢？

Prelude> take 1  filter even [1..10]

<interactive>:3:1: error:
    • Couldn't match expected type ‘(Integer -> Bool)
                                    -> [Integer] -> t’
                  with actual type ‘[a1]’
    • The function ‘take’ is applied to four arguments,
      but its type ‘Int -> [a1] -> [a1]’ has only two
      In the expression: take 1 filter even [1 .. 10]
      In an equation for ‘it’: it = take 1 filter even [1 .. 10]
    • Relevant bindings include it :: t (bound at <interactive>:3:1)

<interactive>:3:9: error:
    • Couldn't match expected type ‘[a1]’
                  with actual type ‘(a0 -> Bool) -> [a0] -> [a0]’
    • Probable cause: ‘filter’ is applied to too few arguments
      In the second argument of ‘take’, namely ‘filter’
      In the expression: take 1 filter even [1 .. 10]
      In an equation for ‘it’: it = take 1 filter even [1 .. 10]

我们可以看到如果去掉$，编译器则会报错，因为编译器以为我们拿四个参数给take函数，（四个参数为：1 :: Int, filter :: (a -> Bool) -> [a] -> [a], even :: Integral a => a -> Bool, [1..10] :: [Int]），然而实际take只能使用一个参数。

• 那我们应该怎么做呢？
  在表达式周围加上括号：

(take 1) (filter even [1..10])

然后继续简化：

(take 1) ([2,4,6,8,10])

但是我们并不总是想写括号，尤其是当函数开始相互嵌套时。另一种选择是在圆括号对之间插入$符号，在这种情况下为：

take 1 $ filter even [1..10]