C# 学习记录001

框架

using System;
Console.WriteLine("Hello world!");

namespace YourNamespace
{
    class YourClass
	{
	}
	
	struct YourStruct
	{
	}
	
	interface IYourInterface
	{
	}
	
	delegate int YourDelegate();//委托
	
	enum YourEnum //枚举
	{
	}
	
	namespace YourNestedNamesapce
	{
	   struct YourStruct
	   {
	   }
	}
}

namespace Acme.Collections;

public class Stack<T>  //Stack是泛型类，它具有一个类型参数T,在使用时替换为具体类型
{
   Entry _top;  //字段
   
   public void Push(T data)   //方法
   {
       _top = new Entry(_top,data);
   }
   
   public T Pop()    //方法
   {
       if (_top == null)
	   {
	       throw new InvalidOperationExceptoin();
	   }
	   T result = _top.Data;
	   _top = _top.Next;
	   
	   return result;
   }
   
   class Entry     //嵌套类
   {
      public Entry Next {get;set;}  //属性
	  public T Data {get;set;}      //属性
	  
	  public Entry(Entry next,T data)  //构造函数
	  {
	      Next = next;
		  Data = data;
	  }
   }
}

class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
       var s= new Acme.Collections.Stack<int>();
	   s.Push(1);//入栈
	   s.Push(10);
	   s.push(100);
	   Console.WriteLine(s.Pop());
	   Console.WriteLine(s.Pop());
	   Console.WriteLine(s.Pop());
   }
}

public class Pair<TFirst,TSecond>  //泛型类，类型参数
{
    public TFirst First { get;}
	public TSecond Second {get;}
	
	public Pair(TFirst first, TSecond second) =>   //构造泛型函数
         (First,Second) = (first,second);		 

 
    var pair = new Pair<int,string>(1,"two");
	int i = pair.First;
	string s = pair.Second;
}

基类、结构、接口、枚举、元组

//基类
public class Point3D : Point3D
{
    public int Z { get; set;}
	
	public Point3D(int x,int y,int Z):base(x,y)
	{
	    Z = z;
	}
	Point a = new(10,20);
	Point b = new Point3D(10,20,30);
}

//结构
public struct Point
{
    pubic double X { get; }
	pubic double Y { get; }
	
	public Point(double x,double y) => (X, Y) = (x, y);
}

//接口
interface IControl
{
   void Paint();
}

interface ITextBox : IControl
{
     void SetText(string text);
}

interface IListBox : IControl
{
     void SetItems(string[] items);
}

interface IComboBox : ITextBox,IListBox {}
}



interface IDataBound
{
    void Bind(Binder b);
}

public class EditBox : IControl, IDataBound
{
    public void Paint() { }
	public void Bind(Binder b) { }
}

EditBox editBox = new();
IControl control = editBox;
IDataBound dataBound = editBox;


//枚举
public enum SomeRootVegetable
{
    HorseRadish,
	Radish,
	Turnip
}

public enum Seasons
{
   None = 0,
   Summer = 1,
   Autumn = 2,
   Winter = 4,
   Spring = 8,
   All = Summer | Autumn | Winter | Spring
   
   var turnip = SomeRootVegetable.Turnip;
   
   var spring = Seasons.Spring;
   var startingOnEquinox = Seasons.Spring | Seasons.Autumn;
   var theYear = Seasons.All;
}


int? optionalInt = default;
optionalInt = 5;
string? optionalText = default;
optionalText = "Hello World.";


//元组
(double Sum,int Count) t2 = (4.5,3);
Console.WriteLine($"Sum of {t2.Count} elements is {t2.Sum}");

//字段
public class Color
{
     public static readonly Color Black = new(0,0,0);
	 public static readonly Color White = new(255,255,255);
	 public static readonly Color Red = new(255,0,0);
	 public static readonly Color Green = new(0,255,0);
	 public static readonly Color Blue = new(0,0,255);
	 
	 public byte R;
	 public byte G;
	 public byte B;
	 
	 public Color(byte r,byte g,byte b)
	 {
	     R = r;
		 G = g;
		 B = b;
	 }
}


//方法
public override string ToString() => "This is an object";    //重写ToString()方法


//参数
static void Swap(ref int x,ref int y)    //ref引用参数
{
    int temp = x;
	x = y;
	y = temp;
}

public static void SwapExample()
{
   int i = 1,j = 2;
   Swap(ref i,ref j);
   Console.WriteLine($"{i} {j}");
}


static void Divide(int x, int y, out int result, out int remainder)
{
    result = x / y;
	remainder = x % y;
}

public static void OutUsage()
{
   Divide(10,3,out int res,out int rem);    //输出参数，按引用传递自变量。与ref相似，不同之处在于，不要求向调用方提供自变量的显式赋值
   Console.WriteLine($"{res} {rem}");
}

public class Console
{
     public static void Write(string fmt,params object[] args) { }
	 public static void WriteLine(string fmt,params object[] args) { }
}


int x = 3, y = 4, z = 5;
string s = "x={0} y = {1} z={2}“；
object[] args = new object[3];
args[0] = x;
args[1] = y;
args[2] = z;
Console.WriteLine(s,args);

int x,y,z;
x =3;
y =4;
z = 5;
Console.WriteLine("X={0} y = {1} z ={2}",x,y,z);

//方法主体和局部变量
class Squares
{
     public static void WriteSquares()
	 {
	      int i = 0;
		  int j;
		  while (i < 10)
		  {
		      j = i * i;
			  Console.WriteLines($"{i} * {i} = {j}");
			  i++;
		  }
	 }
}


//静态和实例方法
class Entity
{
    static int s_nextSerialNo;
	int _serialNo;
	
	public Entity()
	{
	     _serialNo = s_nextSerialNo++;
	}
	
	public int GetSerialNo()
	{
	     return _serialNo;
	}
	
	public static int GetNextSerialNo()
	{
	     return s_nextSerialNo;
	}
	
	public static void SetNextSeriaNo(int value)
	{
	    s_nextSerialNo = value;
	}
	
	Entity.SetNextSeriaNo(1000);
	Entity e1 = new();
	Entity e2 = new();
	Console.WriteLine(e1.GetSerialNo());//实例方法在类实例中进行调用
	Console.WriteLine(e2.GetSerialNo());
	Console.WriteLine(Entity.GetNextSerialNo());//静态方法在类中进行调用
}