tensorflow深度学习之基于RNN的字母预测(单字母预测单字母)和tensorflow深度学习之基于RNN的字母预测(多字母预测单字母)中,我们使用独热码对5个字母进行了编码。
独热码的位宽与词汇量一致,词汇量增大时,会非常浪费资源,于是,embedding编码方法诞生。
Embedding编码方法介绍
embedding是一种单词编码方法,用低维向量实现了编码,这种编码通过神经网络训练优化,能表达出单词间的相关性。
tf.keras.layers,Embedding(词汇量表大小,编码维度)
编码维度就是用几个数字表达一个大慈
eg:对1-100进行编码
tf.keras.layers.Embedding(100,3),其中[4]的编码为[0.25,0.1,0.11]
使用Embedding时,x_train维度:
[送入样本数,循环核时间展开步数]
送入样本数即len(x_train),循环核时间展开步数即在多少个时间步后输出结果,比如输入10个数据后输出结果时,循环核时间展开步数为10.
使用Embedding编码实现单字母预测单字母
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.keras.layers import Dense, SimpleRNN, Embedding
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import os
input_word = "abcde"
w_to_id = {'a': 0, 'b': 1, 'c': 2, 'd': 3, 'e': 4} # 单词映射到数值id的词典
x_train = [w_to_id['a'], w_to_id['b'], w_to_id['c'], w_to_id['d'], w_to_id['e']]
y_train = [w_to_id['b'], w_to_id['c'], w_to_id['d'], w_to_id['e'], w_to_id['a']]
np.random.seed(7)
np.random.shuffle(x_train)
np.random.seed(7)
np.random.shuffle(y_train)
tf.random.set_seed(7)
# 使x_train符合Embedding输入要求:[送入样本数, 循环核时间展开步数] ,
# 此处整个数据集送入所以送入,送入样本数为len(x_train);输入1个字母出结果,循环核时间展开步数为1。
x_train = np.reshape(x_train, (len(x_train), 1))
y_train = np.array(y_train)
model = tf.keras.Sequential([
Embedding(5, 2),
SimpleRNN(3),
Dense(5, activation='softmax')
])
model.compile(optimizer=tf.keras.optimizers.Adam(0.01),
loss=tf.keras.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(from_logits=False),
metrics=['sparse_categorical_accuracy'])
checkpoint_save_path = "./checkpoint/run_embedding_1pre1.ckpt"
if os.path.exists(checkpoint_save_path + '.index'):
print('-------------load the model-----------------')
model.load_weights(checkpoint_save_path)
cp_callback = tf.keras.callbacks.ModelCheckpoint(filepath=checkpoint_save_path,
save_weights_only=True,
save_best_only=True,
monitor='loss') # 由于fit没有给出测试集,不计算测试集准确率,根据loss,保存最优模型
history = model.fit(x_train, y_train, batch_size=32, epochs=100, callbacks=[cp_callback])
model.summary()
# print(model.trainable_variables)
file = open('./weights.txt', 'w') # 参数提取
for v in model.trainable_variables:
file.write(str(v.name) + '\n')
file.write(str(v.shape) + '\n')
file.write(str(v.numpy()) + '\n')
file.close()
############################################### show ###############################################
# 显示训练集和验证集的acc和loss曲线
acc = history.history['sparse_categorical_accuracy']
loss = history.history['loss']
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
plt.plot(acc, label='Training Accuracy')
plt.title('Training Accuracy')
plt.legend()
plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.plot(loss, label='Training Loss')
plt.title('Training Loss')
plt.legend()
plt.show()
############### predict #############
preNum = int(input("input the number of test alphabet:"))
for i in range(preNum):
alphabet1 = input("input test alphabet:")
alphabet = [w_to_id[alphabet1]]
# 使alphabet符合Embedding输入要求:[送入样本数, 循环核时间展开步数]。
# 此处验证效果送入了1个样本,送入样本数为1;输入1个字母出结果,循环核时间展开步数为1。
alphabet = np.reshape(alphabet, (1, 1))
result = model.predict(alphabet)
pred = tf.argmax(result, axis=1)
pred = int(pred)
tf.print(alphabet1 + '->' + input_word[pred])
使用Embedding编码实现多字母预测单字母
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.keras.layers import Dense, SimpleRNN, Embedding
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import os
input_word = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
w_to_id = {'a': 0, 'b': 1, 'c': 2, 'd': 3, 'e': 4,
'f': 5, 'g': 6, 'h': 7, 'i': 8, 'j': 9,
'k': 10, 'l': 11, 'm': 12, 'n': 13, 'o': 14,
'p': 15, 'q': 16, 'r': 17, 's': 18, 't': 19,
'u': 20, 'v': 21, 'w': 22, 'x': 23, 'y': 24, 'z': 25} # 单词映射到数值id的词典
training_set_scaled = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25]
x_train = []
y_train = []
for i in range(4, 26):
x_train.append(training_set_scaled[i - 4:i])
y_train.append(training_set_scaled[i])
np.random.seed(7)
np.random.shuffle(x_train)
np.random.seed(7)
np.random.shuffle(y_train)
tf.random.set_seed(7)
# 使x_train符合Embedding输入要求:[送入样本数, 循环核时间展开步数] ,
# 此处整个数据集送入所以送入,送入样本数为len(x_train);输入4个字母出结果,循环核时间展开步数为4。
x_train = np.reshape(x_train, (len(x_train), 4))
y_train = np.array(y_train)
model = tf.keras.Sequential([
Embedding(26, 2),
SimpleRNN(10),
Dense(26, activation='softmax')
])
model.compile(optimizer=tf.keras.optimizers.Adam(0.01),
loss=tf.keras.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(from_logits=False),
metrics=['sparse_categorical_accuracy'])
checkpoint_save_path = "./checkpoint/rnn_embedding_4pre1.ckpt"
if os.path.exists(checkpoint_save_path + '.index'):
print('-------------load the model-----------------')
model.load_weights(checkpoint_save_path)
cp_callback = tf.keras.callbacks.ModelCheckpoint(filepath=checkpoint_save_path,
save_weights_only=True,
save_best_only=True,
monitor='loss') # 由于fit没有给出测试集,不计算测试集准确率,根据loss,保存最优模型
history = model.fit(x_train, y_train, batch_size=32, epochs=100, callbacks=[cp_callback])
model.summary()
file = open('./weights.txt', 'w') # 参数提取
for v in model.trainable_variables:
file.write(str(v.name) + '\n')
file.write(str(v.shape) + '\n')
file.write(str(v.numpy()) + '\n')
file.close()
############################################### show ###############################################
# 显示训练集和验证集的acc和loss曲线
acc = history.history['sparse_categorical_accuracy']
loss = history.history['loss']
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
plt.plot(acc, label='Training Accuracy')
plt.title('Training Accuracy')
plt.legend()
plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.plot(loss, label='Training Loss')
plt.title('Training Loss')
plt.legend()
plt.show()
################# predict ##################
preNum = int(input("input the number of test alphabet:"))
for i in range(preNum):
alphabet1 = input("input test alphabet:")
alphabet = [w_to_id[a] for a in alphabet1]
# 使alphabet符合Embedding输入要求:[送入样本数, 时间展开步数]。
# 此处验证效果送入了1个样本,送入样本数为1;输入4个字母出结果,循环核时间展开步数为4。
alphabet = np.reshape(alphabet, (1, 4))
result = model.predict([alphabet])
pred = tf.argmax(result, axis=1)
pred = int(pred)
tf.print(alphabet1 + '->' + input_word[pred])