空间滤波-随机椒盐噪声-高斯噪声-均值滤波器-中值滤波器

1 随机椒盐噪声

椒噪声：灰度值为0的噪声点，黑噪声

盐噪声：灰度值为255的噪声点，白噪声
思路：获取图像长、宽、通道数，在每个通道矩阵中随机产生灰度值为0和255的像素。

def salt_and_pepper_noise(image,percentage):
    rows,columns,channels = image.shape#获取图片的长、宽、通道数
    nums = int(rows*columns*percentage)#每个通道噪声数量
    for channel in range(channels):
        for num in range(nums):
            row = random.randint(0,rows-1)#随机行号
            column = random.randint(0,columns-1)#随机列号
            if random.randint(0,1) == 0:
                image[row,column,channel] = 0#椒噪声
            else:
                image[row,column,channel] = 255#盐噪声
    return image
    
if __name__ == '__main__':
    image = cv2.imread('./1.jpg')  # 读取图片
    a = salt_and_pepper_noise(image,percentage=0.1)
    cv2.imshow('img',a)
    cv2.waitKey(0)

2 高斯噪声

思路：产生高斯分布噪声与原图像进行叠加，并控制数值空间为0至255。

def guassian_Noise(image,mean,sigma):#sigma方差
    tempt = np.array(image/255,dtype = float)
    noise = np.random.normal(mean,sigma, image.shape)
    tempt += noise
    tempt = np.clip(tempt, 0, 1)
    tempt = np.uint8(tempt * 255)
    return tempt
    
if __name__ == '__main__':
    image = cv2.imread('./1.jpg')  # 读取图片
    b = guassian_Noise(image,0,1)
    cv2.imshow('img', b)
    cv2.waitKey(0)

3 均值滤波器

思路：输入一个$n\ast n$各个元素为1的矩阵作为滤波器核，然后将原图像进行边缘填充，按步长为1的跨度从左到右，从上到下，对填充图片上的$n\ast n$局域矩阵依次进行点乘，并将点乘后局域矩阵的各个元素值加在一起除以$n^2$，这个值为滤波后图像的一个像素值，全部滤波后就会获得滤波图像，彩色图像是三通道，因此需要对三个通道依次滤波。

左边随机椒盐噪声，右边均值滤波9*9

左边高斯噪声，右边均值滤波9*9

def means_filter(image,filter_size):
    input_image = np.copy(image)
    kernal = np.ones((filter_size,filter_size))# 卷积核
    padding_num = int((filter_size - 1)/2)#需要补0
    b,g,r = cv2.split(input_image)#分开三通道
    b = np.pad(b, (padding_num, padding_num), mode='constant', constant_values=0)#图像三通道边缘填充
    g = np.pad(g, (padding_num, padding_num), mode='constant', constant_values=0)
    r = np.pad(r, (padding_num, padding_num), mode='constant', constant_values=0)
    input_image = cv2.merge([b,g,r])#合并三通道
    wide,height,channels = input_image.shape
    output_image = np.copy(input_image)
    for channel in range(channels):#均值滤波
        for i in range(padding_num,wide-padding_num):
            for j in range(padding_num,height-padding_num):
                output_image[i,j,channel] = np.sum(\
                    kernal * input_image[i-padding_num:i+padding_num+1,j-padding_num:j+padding_num+1,channel])/(filter_size**2)
    output_image = output_image[padding_num:wide - padding_num, padding_num:height - padding_num]  # 裁剪

    return output_image
    
if __name__ == '__main__':
    c = means_filter(image,9)
    imgs = np.hstack([image,c])
    cv2.imshow('img', imgs)
    cv2.waitKey(0)

4 中值滤波器

思路：输入一个$n\ast n$各个元素为1的矩阵作为滤波器核，然后将原图像进行边缘填充，按步长为1的跨度从左到右，从上到下，对填充图片上的$n\ast n$局域矩阵依次进行中值排序，并这个中值为滤波后图像的一个像素值，全部滤波后就会获得滤波图像，彩色图像是三通道，因此需要对三个通道依次滤波。

左边随机椒盐噪声，右边中值滤波9*9

左边高斯噪声，右边中值滤波9*9

def median_filter(image,filter_size):
    input_image = np.copy(image)
    kernal = np.ones((filter_size,filter_size))# 卷积核
    padding_num = int((filter_size - 1)/2)#需要补0
    b,g,r = cv2.split(input_image)#分开三通道
    b = np.pad(b, (padding_num, padding_num), mode='constant', constant_values=0)#图像三通道边缘填充
    g = np.pad(g, (padding_num, padding_num), mode='constant', constant_values=0)
    r = np.pad(r, (padding_num, padding_num), mode='constant', constant_values=0)
    input_image = cv2.merge([b,g,r])#合并三通道
    wide,height,channels = input_image.shape
    output_image = np.copy(input_image)
    for channel in range(channels):#中值滤波
        for i in range(padding_num,wide-padding_num):
            for j in range(padding_num,height-padding_num):
                output_image[i,j,channel] = np.median(input_image[i-padding_num:i+padding_num+1,j-padding_num:j+padding_num+1,channel])
    output_image = output_image[padding_num:wide - padding_num, padding_num:height - padding_num]  # 裁剪

    return output_image

if __name__ == '__main__':
    image = cv2.imread('./2.png')  # 读取图片
    d = median_filter(image,9)
    imgs = np.hstack([image,d])
    cv2.imshow('img', imgs)
    cv2.waitKey(0)
/2.png')  # 读取图片
    d = median_filter(image,9)
    imgs = np.hstack([image,d])
    cv2.imshow('img', imgs)
    cv2.waitKey(0)