文章目录
Spring+ Spring MVC+MyBatis整合
目录结构
- 修改web.xml
- 添加Mybatis、Spring MVC、Spring的配置(在资源文件夹下,resources)
- 把mybatis的mapper.xml文件放置到资源文件夹中,不再与pojo同包
- 创建controller、pojo、service包,分别创建controller类、pojo对象和接口、service类
引入Maven包
<!--Spring核心依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>4.3.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>4.3.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>4.3.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>4.3.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>4.3.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
<version>4.3.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--Spring MVC对应的依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>4.3.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>4.3.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--Spirng事务-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>4.3.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--jbdc-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>4.3.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--数据源druid-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.9</version>
</dependency>
<!--Spring整合mybatis-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.3.2</version>
</dependency>
<!--mybatis核心依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.4.6</version>
</dependency>
<!--mysql驱动-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.6</version>
</dependency>
<!--Servlet依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>4.0.1</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!--以下json依赖jackson-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
<version>2.9.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.9.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
<version>2.9.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.json</groupId>
<artifactId>json</artifactId>
<version>20180130</version>
</dependency>
web.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
version="3.1">
<!--在服务器启动时加载Spring容器,且只会加载一次 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring_config.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!--Spring核心监听器-->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!--- 字符编码过滤器 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!--前端控制器-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- 这里没有init-param的时候,springmvc配置文件默认对应 WEB-INF/HelloWebMVC-servlet.xml -->
<init-param>
<!-- classpath会把路径指向resources文件夹,如果有目录记得加上目录-->
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring_mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!--默认放开html文件-->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
导入spring_mvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!--1.开启Springioc 自动扫描注解包 只对mvc的包做扫描 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.gxa.controller"/>
<!--放行所有静态资源:css、html、img、js....-->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler />
<!-- 因上面配置放行静态内容,会导致注解请求失效,添加注解映射的支持 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<!--3.配置视图解析器 -->
<!-- 配置视图解析器:如何把handle方法返回值解析为实际的物理视图
name="prefix"代表前面的目录,为空代表根目录 name="suffix"代表返回的地址为后缀为.JSP的文件 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
</beans>
PS:这里的scan扫描需要单独说明一下,为什么只扫描了mvc的包:
在使用注解处理的时候,需要注意一点,web服务器启动的时候,spring-mvc.xml会优先于spring.xml启动,如果工程整包被扫描,那么service会优先于事务先启动,这样就导致事务无法注入管理,所以这里只能扫描mvc包,然后在spring.xml文件中扫描service包,这样就是先启动spring的事务管理注入,再注入service,最后注入controller,这个时候,事务才进入了spring 的IOC管理。结论就是:为了避免这种问题出现,需要在spring_mvc.xml中只扫描controller的包,而在spring.xml的配置中只扫描service**的包
是否被spring的IOC管理,可以在调用批量增、删、改的时候,通过后台打印查看,没有管理的提示是:
JDBC Connection [com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@7103e78b] will not be managed by Spring
并且每操作一次数据库,都会创建一个新的session,所以当某一条数据出错时,不会回滚。
如果纳入管理的提示是:
JDBC Connection [com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@29fd1532] will be managed by Spring
并且每次操作不会创建新的session,所以当某一条数据出错时,会回滚所有提交内容。
还有两种情况需要在配置的时候注意:
(1)如果只在spring的配置扫描所有包,mvc将无法请求对应的controller;
(2)如果在mvc中配置了controller的扫描,在spring的配置中扫描所有包,会出现controller被创建两次;
PS:事务需要在spring.xml文件进行配置,后面的spring.xml文件中会注释说明
spring_mvc.xml****中添加json返回编码UTF-8**
如果返回json时,可能在页面得到的json数据会出现乱码,这时候,有两种解决方案,一种是在@RequestMapping中添加属性:
produces = {"application/json;charset=UTF-8"}
比如下面的效果:
@RequestMapping(value="/login",produces = {"application/json;charset=UTF-8"})
但是这样会在每一个RequestMapping中添加此属性,如果都是这样编写会显得很臃肿,所以我们有一种统一的处理办法,在spring_mvc.xml中添加下面的代码:
<bean id="utf8Charset" class="java.nio.charset.Charset"
factory-method="forName">
<constructor-arg value="UTF-8"/>
</bean>
<mvc:annotation-driven>
<mvc:message-converters>
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
<constructor-arg ref="utf8Charset"/>
</bean>
</mvc:message-converters>
</mvc:annotation-driven>
导入spring_config.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
<!--1. 读jdbc.properties文件:通过bean配置读取properties文件-->
<bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PreferencesPlaceholderConfigurer">
<property name="locations" value="classpath:jdbc.properties"></property>
</bean>
<!--2. 配置数据源:阿里数据源 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${driverClassName}"/>
<property name="url" value="${url}"/>
<property name="username" value="${username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${password}"/>
</bean>
<!--3. 配置mybatis的SqlSession的工厂: SqlSessionFactoryBean dataSource:引用数据源 -->
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<!--dataSource属性指定要用到的连接池-->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
<!--configLocation属性指定mybatis的核心配置文件-->
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis.xml" />
<!-- 自动扫描mapping.xml文件 -->
<property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:mapper/*.xml"/>
</bean>
<!--4. 自动扫描mybatis中mapper接口包,
并且自动注入第二项创建的sessionfactory,初始化所有的mapper接口对象 -->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<property name="basePackage" value="com.gxa.mapper" />
</bean>
<!--5. 扫描service注解 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.gxa.service"/>
<!--6. 配置事务管理器 -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
</bean>
<!--7. 开启注解进行事务管理 transaction-manager:引用上面定义的事务管理器-->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />
</beans>
导入mybatis.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<settings>
<!--如果value为true的时候,当返回内容为空时,那么返回的是一个空的对象,而不是null
如果这里的value为false(默认值),mybatis在没有查询到内容的时候返回null-->
<setting name="returnInstanceForEmptyRow" value="true"/>
<!--显示sql语句,此行配置如果删除,则不在后台显示SQL语句-->
<setting name="logImpl" value="STDOUT_LOGGING"/>
</settings>
</configuration>
PS:引入mybatis.xml只是为了添加辅助参数配置项,比如显示sql或者控制返回空值等,如果项目中不需要这些配置,直接可以删除掉此文件
创建pojo对象
public class User {
private int id;
private String username;
private String password;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}
PS:这里的pojo对象需要数据库对应的表结构。
创建Mapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.gxa.mapper.UserMapper">
<select id="selectUser" resultType="com.gxa.pojo.User">
select * from user;
</select>
<update id="updateUser" parameterType="com.gxa.pojo.User">
update user set username=#{username} where id=#{id};
</update>
<insert id="insertUser" parameterType="com.gxa.pojo.User">
insert into user values(null,#{username},#{password});
</insert>
</mapper>
创建Service
@Service
public class UserService {
public UserService() {
System.out.println("--------------------------UserService构造函数");
}
@Autowired
private UserMapper userMapper;
public UserMapper getUserMapper() {
return userMapper;
}
public List<User> selectUser() {
return userMapper.selectUser();
}
public void updateUser(User user) {
userMapper.updateUser(user);
}
/*
在@Transactional注解中如果不配置rollbackFor属性,那么事务只在RuntimeException的时候才会回滚,
加上rollbackFor=Exception.class,可以让事务在遇到任意异常时都回滚
*/
@Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
public void insertUser(List<User> userList) throws Exception {
for (User user : userList) {
userMapper.insertUser(user);
}
}
}
创建Controller
@Controller
public class UserController {
public UserController() {
System.out.println("--------------------------UserAction构造函数");
}
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@RequestMapping(value = "/selectUser", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String selectUser(ModelMap modelMap) {
System.out.println("UserAction -------------------------- selectUser");
List<User> list = new ArrayList<>();
User user = new User();
user.setUsername("kkk");
user.setPassword("3330");
list.add(user);
user = new User();
user.setUsername("jjj");
user.setPassword("4440");
list.add(user);
user = new User();
user.setUsername("aaa");
user.setPassword("5550");
list.add(user);
try {
userService.insertUser(list);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("---------------------------------------------------sql出错");
e.printStackTrace();
}
// userService.updateUser(user);
modelMap.addAttribute("list_user", "en~~~");
return "success";
}
}
现在可以通过controller的访问路径在浏览器输入进行测试了。基于前面学习的事务问题,可以批量处理增、删、改来演示事务的自动管理,单条记录是没有事务可言的,因为sql出错,不能写入,但是批量处理的时候,如果前面的插入了,后面出错,就应该全部回滚。