AI day11(2020 8/13) 聚类

聚类

聚类模型可视化展示:https://www.naftaliharris.com/blog/

k-means 初始值k不好判断,可以做多次模型进行对比

PCA降维

# beer dataset
import pandas as pd
beer = pd.read_csv('data.txt', sep=' ')
beer

	name	calories	sodium	alcohol	cost
0	Budweiser	144	15	4.7	0.43
1	Schlitz	151	19	4.9	0.43
2	Lowenbrau	157	15	0.9	0.48
3	Kronenbourg	170	7	5.2	0.73
4	Heineken	152	11	5.0	0.77
5	Old_Milwaukee	145	23	4.6	0.28
6	Augsberger	175	24	5.5	0.40
7	Srohs_Bohemian_Style	149	27	4.7	0.42
8	Miller_Lite	99	10	4.3	0.43
9	Budweiser_Light	113	8	3.7	0.40
10	Coors	140	18	4.6	0.44
11	Coors_Light	102	15	4.1	0.46
12	Michelob_Light	135	11	4.2	0.50
13	Becks	150	19	4.7	0.76
14	Kirin	149	6	5.0	0.79
15	Pabst_Extra_Light	68	15	2.3	0.38
16	Hamms	139	19	4.4	0.43
17	Heilemans_Old_Style	144	24	4.9	0.43
18	Olympia_Goled_Light	72	6	2.9	0.46
19	Schlitz_Light	97	7	4.2	0.47

X = beer[["calories","sodium","alcohol","cost"]]

K-means clustering

from sklearn.cluster import KMeans

km = KMeans(n_clusters=3).fit(X)
km2 = KMeans(n_clusters=2).fit(X)

km.labels_

array([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 2, 1])

beer['cluster'] = km.labels_
beer['cluster2'] = km2.labels_
beer.sort_values('cluster')

	name	calories	sodium	alcohol	cost	cluster	cluster2
0	Budweiser	144	15	4.7	0.43	0	1
1	Schlitz	151	19	4.9	0.43	0	1
2	Lowenbrau	157	15	0.9	0.48	0	1
3	Kronenbourg	170	7	5.2	0.73	0	1
4	Heineken	152	11	5.0	0.77	0	1
5	Old_Milwaukee	145	23	4.6	0.28	0	1
6	Augsberger	175	24	5.5	0.40	0	1
7	Srohs_Bohemian_Style	149	27	4.7	0.42	0	1
17	Heilemans_Old_Style	144	24	4.9	0.43	0	1
16	Hamms	139	19	4.4	0.43	0	1
10	Coors	140	18	4.6	0.44	0	1
14	Kirin	149	6	5.0	0.79	0	1
12	Michelob_Light	135	11	4.2	0.50	0	1
13	Becks	150	19	4.7	0.76	0	1
9	Budweiser_Light	113	8	3.7	0.40	1	0
8	Miller_Lite	99	10	4.3	0.43	1	0
11	Coors_Light	102	15	4.1	0.46	1	0
19	Schlitz_Light	97	7	4.2	0.47	1	0
15	Pabst_Extra_Light	68	15	2.3	0.38	2	0
18	Olympia_Goled_Light	72	6	2.9	0.46	2	0

from pandas.tools.plotting import scatter_matrix
%matplotlib inline

cluster_centers = km.cluster_centers_

cluster_centers_2 = km2.cluster_centers_

beer.groupby("cluster").mean()

	calories	sodium	alcohol	cost	cluster2
cluster
0	150.00	17.0	4.521429	0.520714	1
1	102.75	10.0	4.075000	0.440000	0
2	70.00	10.5	2.600000	0.420000	0

beer.groupby("cluster2").mean()

	calories	sodium	alcohol	cost	cluster
cluster2
0	91.833333	10.166667	3.583333	0.433333	1.333333
1	150.000000	17.000000	4.521429	0.520714	0.000000

centers = beer.groupby("cluster").mean().reset_index()

%matplotlib inline
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams['font.size'] = 14

import numpy as np
colors = np.array(['red', 'green', 'blue', 'yellow'])

plt.scatter(beer["calories"], beer["alcohol"],c=colors[beer["cluster"]])

plt.scatter(centers.calories, centers.alcohol, linewidths=3, marker='+', s=300, c='black')

plt.xlabel("Calories")
plt.ylabel("Alcohol")

<matplotlib.text.Text at 0x18a25af4ac8>

scatter_matrix(beer[["calories","sodium","alcohol","cost"]],s=100, alpha=1, c=colors[beer["cluster"]], figsize=(10,10))
plt.suptitle("With 3 centroids initialized")

C:\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\ipykernel\__main__.py:1: FutureWarning: 'pandas.tools.plotting.scatter_matrix' is deprecated, import 'pandas.plotting.scatter_matrix' instead.
  if __name__ == '__main__':





<matplotlib.text.Text at 0x18a25b67e80>

scatter_matrix(beer[["calories","sodium","alcohol","cost"]],s=100, alpha=1, c=colors[beer["cluster2"]], figsize=(10,10))
plt.suptitle("With 2 centroids initialized")

C:\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\ipykernel\__main__.py:1: FutureWarning: 'pandas.tools.plotting.scatter_matrix' is deprecated, import 'pandas.plotting.scatter_matrix' instead.
  if __name__ == '__main__':





<matplotlib.text.Text at 0x18a2613c710>

Scaled data

from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
scaler = StandardScaler()
X_scaled = scaler.fit_transform(X)
X_scaled

array([[ 0.38791334,  0.00779468,  0.43380786, -0.45682969],
       [ 0.6250656 ,  0.63136906,  0.62241997, -0.45682969],
       [ 0.82833896,  0.00779468, -3.14982226, -0.10269815],
       [ 1.26876459, -1.23935408,  0.90533814,  1.66795955],
       [ 0.65894449, -0.6157797 ,  0.71672602,  1.95126478],
       [ 0.42179223,  1.25494344,  0.3395018 , -1.5192243 ],
       [ 1.43815906,  1.41083704,  1.1882563 , -0.66930861],
       [ 0.55730781,  1.87851782,  0.43380786, -0.52765599],
       [-1.1366369 , -0.7716733 ,  0.05658363, -0.45682969],
       [-0.66233238, -1.08346049, -0.5092527 , -0.66930861],
       [ 0.25239776,  0.47547547,  0.3395018 , -0.38600338],
       [-1.03500022,  0.00779468, -0.13202848, -0.24435076],
       [ 0.08300329, -0.6157797 , -0.03772242,  0.03895447],
       [ 0.59118671,  0.63136906,  0.43380786,  1.88043848],
       [ 0.55730781, -1.39524768,  0.71672602,  2.0929174 ],
       [-2.18688263,  0.00779468, -1.82953748, -0.81096123],
       [ 0.21851887,  0.63136906,  0.15088969, -0.45682969],
       [ 0.38791334,  1.41083704,  0.62241997, -0.45682969],
       [-2.05136705, -1.39524768, -1.26370115, -0.24435076],
       [-1.20439469, -1.23935408, -0.03772242, -0.17352445]])

km = KMeans(n_clusters=3).fit(X_scaled)

beer["scaled_cluster"] = km.labels_
beer.sort_values("scaled_cluster")

	name	calories	sodium	alcohol	cost	cluster	cluster2	scaled_cluster
0	Budweiser	144	15	4.7	0.43	0	1	0
1	Schlitz	151	19	4.9	0.43	0	1	0
17	Heilemans_Old_Style	144	24	4.9	0.43	0	1	0
16	Hamms	139	19	4.4	0.43	0	1	0
5	Old_Milwaukee	145	23	4.6	0.28	0	1	0
6	Augsberger	175	24	5.5	0.40	0	1	0
7	Srohs_Bohemian_Style	149	27	4.7	0.42	0	1	0
10	Coors	140	18	4.6	0.44	0	1	0
15	Pabst_Extra_Light	68	15	2.3	0.38	2	0	1
12	Michelob_Light	135	11	4.2	0.50	0	1	1
11	Coors_Light	102	15	4.1	0.46	1	0	1
9	Budweiser_Light	113	8	3.7	0.40	1	0	1
8	Miller_Lite	99	10	4.3	0.43	1	0	1
2	Lowenbrau	157	15	0.9	0.48	0	1	1
18	Olympia_Goled_Light	72	6	2.9	0.46	2	0	1
19	Schlitz_Light	97	7	4.2	0.47	1	0	1
13	Becks	150	19	4.7	0.76	0	1	2
14	Kirin	149	6	5.0	0.79	0	1	2
4	Heineken	152	11	5.0	0.77	0	1	2
3	Kronenbourg	170	7	5.2	0.73	0	1	2

What are the “characteristics” of each cluster?

beer.groupby("scaled_cluster").mean()

	calories	sodium	alcohol	cost	cluster	cluster2
scaled_cluster
0	148.375	21.125	4.7875	0.4075	0.0	1.00
1	105.375	10.875	3.3250	0.4475	1.0	0.25
2	155.250	10.750	4.9750	0.7625	0.0	1.00

pd.scatter_matrix(X, c=colors[beer.scaled_cluster], alpha=1, figsize=(10,10), s=100)

C:\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\ipykernel\__main__.py:1: FutureWarning: pandas.scatter_matrix is deprecated. Use pandas.plotting.scatter_matrix instead
  if __name__ == '__main__':





array([[<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot object at 0x0000018A279F8F28>,
        <matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot object at 0x0000018A282989B0>,
        <matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot object at 0x0000018A27B5E2E8>,
        <matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot object at 0x0000018A27B94F60>],
       [<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot object at 0x0000018A27BE41D0>,
        <matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot object at 0x0000018A27C19F28>,
        <matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot object at 0x0000018A27C61F60>,
        <matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot object at 0x0000018A27C71C88>],
       [<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot object at 0x0000018A27CF1860>,
        <matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot object at 0x0000018A27D3B7B8>,
        <matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot object at 0x0000018A27D7C5C0>,
        <matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot object at 0x0000018A27DC6F98>],
       [<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot object at 0x0000018A27E02748>,
        <matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot object at 0x0000018A27E4FEB8>,
        <matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot object at 0x0000018A27E8D588>,
        <matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot object at 0x0000018A27ED47B8>]], dtype=object)

聚类评估：轮廓系数（Silhouette Coefficient ）

• 计算样本i到同簇其他样本的平均距离ai。ai 越小，说明样本i越应该被聚类到该簇。将ai 称为样本i的簇内不相似度。
• 计算样本i到其他某簇Cj 的所有样本的平均距离bij，称为样本i与簇Cj 的不相似度。定义为样本i的簇间不相似度：bi =min{bi1, bi2, …, bik}

• si接近1，则说明样本i聚类合理
• si接近-1，则说明样本i更应该分类到另外的簇
• 若si 近似为0，则说明样本i在两个簇的边界上。

from sklearn import metrics
score_scaled = metrics.silhouette_score(X,beer.scaled_cluster)
score = metrics.silhouette_score(X,beer.cluster)
print(score_scaled, score)

0.179780680894 0.673177504646

scores = []
for k in range(2,20):
    labels = KMeans(n_clusters=k).fit(X).labels_
    score = metrics.silhouette_score(X, labels)
    scores.append(score)

scores

[0.69176560340794857,
 0.67317750464557957,
 0.58570407211277953,
 0.42254873351720201,
 0.4559182167013377,
 0.43776116697963124,
 0.38946337473125997,
 0.39746405172426014,
 0.33061511213823314,
 0.34131096180393328,
 0.34597752371272478,
 0.31221439248428434,
 0.30707782144770296,
 0.31834561839139497,
 0.28495140011748982,
 0.23498077333071996,
 0.15880910174962809,
 0.084230513801511767]

plt.plot(list(range(2,20)), scores)
plt.xlabel("Number of Clusters Initialized")
plt.ylabel("Sihouette Score")

<matplotlib.text.Text at 0x18a288239e8>

DBSCAN clustering

from sklearn.cluster import DBSCAN
db = DBSCAN(eps=10, min_samples=2).fit(X)

labels = db.labels_

beer['cluster_db'] = labels
beer.sort_values('cluster_db')

	name	calories	sodium	alcohol	cost	cluster	cluster2	scaled_cluster	cluster_db
9	Budweiser_Light	113	8	3.7	0.40	1	0	1	-1
3	Kronenbourg	170	7	5.2	0.73	0	1	2	-1
6	Augsberger	175	24	5.5	0.40	0	1	0	-1
17	Heilemans_Old_Style	144	24	4.9	0.43	0	1	0	0
16	Hamms	139	19	4.4	0.43	0	1	0	0
14	Kirin	149	6	5.0	0.79	0	1	2	0
13	Becks	150	19	4.7	0.76	0	1	2	0
12	Michelob_Light	135	11	4.2	0.50	0	1	1	0
10	Coors	140	18	4.6	0.44	0	1	0	0
0	Budweiser	144	15	4.7	0.43	0	1	0	0
7	Srohs_Bohemian_Style	149	27	4.7	0.42	0	1	0	0
5	Old_Milwaukee	145	23	4.6	0.28	0	1	0	0
4	Heineken	152	11	5.0	0.77	0	1	2	0
2	Lowenbrau	157	15	0.9	0.48	0	1	1	0
1	Schlitz	151	19	4.9	0.43	0	1	0	0
8	Miller_Lite	99	10	4.3	0.43	1	0	1	1
11	Coors_Light	102	15	4.1	0.46	1	0	1	1
19	Schlitz_Light	97	7	4.2	0.47	1	0	1	1
15	Pabst_Extra_Light	68	15	2.3	0.38	2	0	1	2
18	Olympia_Goled_Light	72	6	2.9	0.46	2	0	1	2

beer.groupby('cluster_db').mean()

	calories	sodium	alcohol	cost	cluster	cluster2	scaled_cluster
cluster_db
-1	152.666667	13.000000	4.800000	0.510000	0.333333	0.666667	1.000000
0	146.250000	17.250000	4.383333	0.513333	0.000000	1.000000	0.666667
1	99.333333	10.666667	4.200000	0.453333	1.000000	0.000000	1.000000
2	70.000000	10.500000	2.600000	0.420000	2.000000	0.000000	1.000000

pd.scatter_matrix(X, c=colors[beer.cluster_db], figsize=(10,10), s=100)

C:\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\ipykernel\__main__.py:1: FutureWarning: pandas.scatter_matrix is deprecated. Use pandas.plotting.scatter_matrix instead
  if __name__ == '__main__':





array([[<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot object at 0x0000018A278A3940>,
        <matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot object at 0x0000018A284C56D8>,
        <matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot object at 0x0000018A28501CF8>,
        <matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot object at 0x0000018A28550080>],
       [<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot object at 0x0000018A2856C588>,
        <matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot object at 0x0000018A285D1F60>,
        <matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot object at 0x0000018A286211D0>,
        <matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot object at 0x0000018A2865AF98>],
       [<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot object at 0x0000018A286AABA8>,
        <matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot object at 0x0000018A286E7278>,
        <matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot object at 0x0000018A2872E390>,
        <matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot object at 0x0000018A287396A0>],
       [<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot object at 0x0000018A287BC358>,
        <matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot object at 0x0000018A28B356A0>,
        <matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot object at 0x0000018A28B71240>,
        <matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot object at 0x0000018A28BBC470>]], dtype=object)