文章目录
C# 多线程
进程与线程
进程:进程就是一个应用程序,对电脑的各种资源的占用
线程:线程是程序执行的最小单位,任何操作都是线程完成的,线程依托进程存在的,一个进程可以有多个线程
无参数的子线程
public static void ChildThread1()
{
Console.WriteLine("Child thread1 is starts");
}
带参数的子线程
ChildThread2
是带参数的子线程,所以要使用ParameterizedThreadStart
类型的委托来指定子线程
如果使用的是不带参数的委托,不能使用带参数的Start方法运行线程,否则系统会抛出异常。
但使用带参数的委托,可以使用thread.Start()来运行线程,这时所传递的参数值为null。
特别注意:ParameterizedThreadStart委托的参数类型必须是object的
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace ConsoleApp2
{
class Test
{
public static void ChildThread1()
{
Console.WriteLine("Child thread1 is starts");
}
//注意:ParameterizedThreadStart委托的参数类型必须是object的
public static void ChildThread2(object obj)
{
Console.WriteLine("Child thread2 is starts,the parameter is {0}", obj);
}
public static void Main()
{
ThreadStart thread1 = new ThreadStart(ChildThread1); //通过ThreadStart委托指定子线程的方法
ParameterizedThreadStart thread2 = new ParameterizedThreadStart(ChildThread2); //有参的委托
Console.WriteLine("MainThread:Creating the child thread1");
Console.WriteLine("MainThread:Creating the child thread2");
Thread childThread1 = new Thread(thread1); //创建子线程1
Thread childThread2 = new Thread(thread2);//创建子线程2
childThread1.Start(); //运行子线程1
childThread2.Start("子线程2的参数");//运行子线程2,传递参数,
//如果使用的是不带参数的委托,不能使用带参数的Start方法运行线程,否则系统会抛出异常。
//但使用带参数的委托,可以使用thread.Start()来运行线程,这时所传递的参数值为null。
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}
运行结果
销毁线程 Abort()
使用Abort()
中止子线程.
通过抛出 threadabortexception
在运行时中止线程。这个异常不能被捕获,如果有 finally 块,控制会被送至 finally 块。
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace ConsoleApp2
{
class Test
{
public static void ChildThread1()
{
Console.WriteLine("Child thread1 is starts");
}
//注意:ParameterizedThreadStart委托的参数类型必须是object的
public static void ChildThread2(object obj)
{
Console.WriteLine("Child thread2 is starts,the parameter is {0}", obj);
}
public static void ChildThread3()
{
try
{
Console.WriteLine("Child thread3 starts");
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
Thread.Sleep(100);
Console.WriteLine(i);
}
Console.WriteLine("Child Thread3 Completed");
}
catch (ThreadAbortException e)
{
Console.WriteLine("Thread Abort Exception");
}
finally
{
Console.WriteLine("Couldn't catch the thread Exception");
}
}
public static void Main()
{
ThreadStart thread3 = new ThreadStart(ChildThread3);
Console.WriteLine("MainThread:Creating the child thread3");
Thread thread = new Thread(thread3);
thread.Start();
//停止主线程1000
Thread.Sleep(2000);
Console.WriteLine("In Main: Aborting the Child thread");
thread.Abort();
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}
运行结果
ThreadPool和Task
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace ConsoleApp2
{
class Test
{
public static Thread t = null;
public static void ChildThread1()
{
int i = 5;
while (i > 0)
{
Console.WriteLine(string.Format("线程【1】的i:{0} ", i));
Thread.Sleep(10);
i--;
}
Console.WriteLine("线程【1】结束");
//Console.WriteLine("Child thread1 is starts");
}
//注意:ParameterizedThreadStart委托的参数类型必须是object的
public static void ChildThread2(object obj)
{
int i = 5;
while (i > 0)
{
Console.WriteLine(string.Format("线程【2】的i:{0} ", i));
Thread.Sleep(10);
i--;
}
Console.WriteLine("线程【2】结束");
}
public static void ChildThread3()
{
int i = 5;
while (i > 0)
{
Console.WriteLine(string.Format("线程【3】的i:{0} ", i));
Thread.Sleep(10);
i--;
}
Console.WriteLine("线程【3】结束");
}
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
t = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ChildThread1));
t.Start();
//用线程池
ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(ChildThread2, new object());
//用Task方法创建
System.Threading.Tasks.Task.Factory.StartNew(ChildThread3);
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
运行结果
线程都是独立的,不会互相影响。
异步与同步
C# 5.0引入了异步方法(Async Methods)的概念,使得编写异步代码变得更加容易。异步方法使用async关键字标记,返回类型必须是Task或Task,方法中使用await关键字来等待异步操作完成。通过使用异步方法,可以在不阻塞主线程的情况下执行耗时操作,从而提高程序的并发性和响应性。示例如下:
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace ConsoleApp2
{
class Test
{
public static async Task Main(string[] args)
{
await DownloadWebsiteAsync();
Console.ReadKey();
}
static async Task DownloadWebsiteAsync()
{
using (HttpClient client = new HttpClient())
{
string website = "https://www.example.com";
string content = await client.GetStringAsync(website);
Console.WriteLine("等待异步执行完成");
}
}
}
}
运行结果
lock
如果你想控制多线程的线程的执行顺序,就需要用到lock
参考链接:https://blog.csdn.net/u012563853/article/details/124767902
单线程
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace ConsoleApp2
{
class Test
{
static int a = 0;
static int b = 0;
private static object o = new object();
static void Main(string[] args)
{
methodA();
methodB();
Console.ReadKey();
}
private static void methodA()
{
Console.WriteLine("我是A方法");
}
private static void methodB()
{
Console.WriteLine("我是B方法");
}
private static void methodC()
{
Console.WriteLine("我是C方法,是随机出现的");
}
}
}
这样是按顺序执行的,因为是单线程的,先执行methodA,再去执行methodB
运行结果
多线程
我们增加了多线程,就是让A和B方法同时执行,此时,结果就是不可控制的。有时候先执行B方法,有时候先执行A方法。先执行B方法。
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace ConsoleApp2
{
class Test
{
static int a = 0;
static int b = 0;
private static object o = new object();
static void Main(string[] args)
{
//methodA();
//methodB();
Thread t1 = new Thread(methodA);
Thread t2 = new Thread(methodB);
t1.Start();
t2.Start();
Console.ReadKey();
}
private static void methodA()
{
a = 1;
Console.WriteLine("我是A方法,a=" + a);
Thread.Sleep(2000); //暂停5秒
b = 2;
Console.WriteLine("我是A方法,b=" + b);
}
private static void methodB()
{
a++;
Console.WriteLine("我是B方法,a=" + a);
Thread.Sleep(1000); //暂停1秒
b++;
Console.WriteLine("我是B方法,b=" + b);
}
private static void methodC()
{
Console.WriteLine("我是C方法,是随机出现的");
}
}
}
运行结果
所以,我们可以使用lock去锁住代码段,锁住的这段代码,此时只能有一个线程去访问,只有等这个线程访问结束了,其他线程才能访问。
使用lock
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace ConsoleApp2
{
class Test
{
static int a = 0;
static int b = 0;
private static object o = new object();
static void Main(string[] args)
{
//methodA();
//methodB();
Thread t1 = new Thread(methodA);
Thread t2 = new Thread(methodB);
t1.Start();
t2.Start();
Console.ReadKey();
}
private static void methodA()
{
lock (o)
{
a = 1;
Console.WriteLine("我是A方法,a=" + a);
Thread.Sleep(2000); //暂停5秒
b = 2;
Console.WriteLine("我是A方法,b=" + b);
}
}
private static void methodB()
{
lock (o)
{
a++;
Console.WriteLine("我是B方法,a=" + a);
Thread.Sleep(1000); //暂停1秒
b++;
Console.WriteLine("我是B方法,b=" + b);
}
}
private static void methodC()
{
Console.WriteLine("我是C方法,是随机出现的");
}
}
}
运行结果
这样也是等效的:
Enter相当于进入这个代码块,Exit是退出这个代码块。当这个代码块再运行的时候,其他线程就不能访问。Monitor中的{}可以去掉,不影响。