英语语法回顾5——状语和状语从句

一,形容词,副词充当的成分

1,形容词:系动词后面做表语,名称前面做定语

2,副词:状语

 

二,什么是状语?

状语就是在一个句子中,用来修饰实义动词,形容词,副词或整个句子的成分。

定语修饰名词,状语除了名词不可以修饰外别的成分都可以修饰。

一个句子中除了主谓宾外的成分,大概率是定语和状语

 

三,状语的成分

1,副词:She smile Sweetly

2,介词短语:He runs fast like a crazy dog

3,非谓语动词:He leves,crying

4,从句:I will return the book as soon as I have read it

 

状语的位置:随便放

四,状语从句:

一,状语从句的引导词按引导词本身的意思分的类,分为9类

1,时间状语从句先行词:when=while=as    while翻译成“当,,,的时候”,后面跟进行时态。

before , after,  since  , the monet , by the time , until , not,,,until 

2,时间状语从句的时态:

例:When love comes,I will hold her hands

如果主句的动作和从句的动作都没有发生的话,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来。

例:When love came,I failed to hold her hands.

如果主句和从句的动作都发生了,该是什么时态就写什么时态,

3,区别until 和not,,,until

例:I will wait here until you come

例:I will not leave here until you come

看主句的动词是延续性动词还是瞬间动词,如果是延续性动词用until,瞬间动词用not until

4,when引导的时间状语从句省略的情况.

When I was a kid,I enjoying singing songs

when引导,主句和从句主语一样,并且从句中有be动词,则从句的主语和be动词可以省略

 

 

二,地点状语从句:

引导词:where

例:The kind of trees grow well in moist places 

例:The kind of trees grow well where it is moist

做地点状语的通常是介词短语,很少是从句

 

三,原因状语从句:

引导词:都翻译成“因为”

1)引导词:becauseas,since,in that,seeing that,considering that,now that,given that

2)连词:for

3)介词短语:because of,due to,owing to,thank to,for the sake of ,as the result of

例:He had a car accident because he was careless (because 是一个引导词它引导的句子可以放在任意位置)

例:He had a car accident for he was careless (for是一个连词,它只能放在两句话之间)

例:He had a car accident because of his careless ( because of 是介词短语,后面必须是名词)

 

 四,目的状语从句

to , in order to,so as to 后面加动词原形,都表目的,但是不是引导词

引导词:so that表目的放在句末,in order that

例:We will ascend higher,in order to overlook farther(farther是具体的远,further是抽象的远)

例:in order that we overlook farther,We will ascend higher。(farther是具体的远,further是抽象的远)

 

五,结果状语从句

引导词:so,,,that(后面跟形容词或者副词),such,,,that(后面跟名词)

例:It feels so hot today that I wear my dress

例:My mom proves so kind that she is respeated all her staf

so,,,that 其实就是用一个句型来替换very,所以中文中只要出现形容词或者副词的地方都可以加so,,,that 句型

 

六,让步状语从句

引导词:although,though,even through,even if,as,

while(翻译成虽然尽管只能放在句首,放在句中翻译成但是,翻译成当,,,时 一般跟进行时)

as引导的让步状语从句,从句的表语可以放在句首构成部分倒装

例:As I seems ugly  I keep gentle——》ugly As I seems  I keep gentle

例:Simple as the chart looks,the outlooks behind proves far-reaching ——national products become increasingly popular 

with chinese customers

例:Raising pets can ciltivate the loving hert of kinds althrough they might be injuries to their familier or neighbors

 

七,方式状语从句

引导词:as,the way,as if/through 表好像,似乎。后面加从句

by,through,by means of,in,,,way后面加名词,介词短语做状语

例:she looks as if she were made of ice

 

八,条件状语从句

引导词:suppose that,supposing that,if,unless,provided that,as long as,so long as都表如果

例: As long as there seems a little hope I never give up

 

九,比较状语从句

引导词:as,,,as,,,(和,,,一样)。then(比,,,)

例:You are beautiful as I (am beautiful)

 

状语和状语从句的考点分析:

句子中:副词,比较,条件,让步,原因,目的,方式,伴随。一定是状语

时间:出现在实义动词后,形容词旁边,副词旁边,句子开头,一定是状语。只要不是在名词后就一定是状语

在见到名词+时间/地点需要区别,定语和状语

例:I love a girl in ZheJiang university翻译成   “我爱上一个浙江大学的女孩”  还是  “我在浙江大学爱上一个女孩” 呢

如果无法确定状语和定语的时候,定语优先。只有定语翻译时很奇怪的时候才翻译成状语

 

 

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