Pytorch深度学习（2） -- RNN及其进阶模型实现 ( GRU LSTM Deep-Rnn Bi-Rnn)

0 预测训练函数

def train_and_predict_rnn(rnn, get_params, init_rnn_state, num_hiddens,
                          vocab_size, device, corpus_indices, idx_to_char,
                          char_to_idx, is_random_iter, num_epochs, num_steps,
                          lr, clipping_theta, batch_size, pred_period,
                          pred_len, prefixes):
    if is_random_iter:
        data_iter_fn = d2l.data_iter_random
    else:
        data_iter_fn = d2l.data_iter_consecutive
    params = get_params()
    loss = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()

    for epoch in range(num_epochs):
        if not is_random_iter:  # 如使用相邻采样，在epoch开始时初始化隐藏状态
            state = init_rnn_state(batch_size, num_hiddens, device)
        l_sum, n, start = 0.0, 0, time.time()
        data_iter = data_iter_fn(corpus_indices, batch_size, num_steps, device)
        for X, Y in data_iter:
            if is_random_iter:  # 如使用随机采样，在每个小批量更新前初始化隐藏状态
                state = init_rnn_state(batch_size, num_hiddens, device)
            else:  
            # 否则需要使用detach函数从计算图分离隐藏状态, 这是为了
            # 使模型参数的梯度计算只依赖一次迭代读取的小批量序列(防止梯度计算开销太大)
                for s in state:
                    s.detach_()
            
            inputs = to_onehot(X, vocab_size)
            # outputs有num_steps个形状为(batch_size, vocab_size)的矩阵
            (outputs, state) = rnn(inputs, state, params)
            # 拼接之后形状为(num_steps * batch_size, vocab_size)
            outputs = torch.cat(outputs, dim=0)
            # Y的形状是(batch_size, num_steps)，转置后再变成长度为
            # batch * num_steps 的向量，这样跟输出的行一一对应
            y = torch.transpose(Y, 0, 1).contiguous().view(-1)
            # 使用交叉熵损失计算平均分类误差
            l = loss(outputs, y.long())
            
            # 梯度清0
            if params[0].grad is not None:
                for param