【Boost】Asio库学习（二）

Boost::Asio

同步TCP客户端

• boost::asio::buffer() 函数可以使用std::array，会自动计算大小，也可以使用char [] 或者 std::vector。当服务器关闭连接， ip::tcp::socket::read_some() 函数会退出boost::asio::error::eof error。

#include <array>
#include <iostream>
#include <boost/asio.hpp>

using boost::asio::ip::tcp;

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
  try
  {
    if (argc != 2)
    {
      std::cerr << "Usage: client <host>" << std::endl;
      return 1;
    }

    boost::asio::io_context io_context;

    tcp::resolver resolver(io_context);
    tcp::resolver::results_type endpoints =
      resolver.resolve(argv[1], "daytime");

    tcp::socket socket(io_context);
    boost::asio::connect(socket, endpoints);

    for (;;)
    {
      std::array<char, 128> buf;
      boost::system::error_code error;

      size_t len = socket.read_some(boost::asio::buffer(buf), error);

      if (error == boost::asio::error::eof)
        break; // Connection closed cleanly by peer.
      else if (error)
        throw boost::system::system_error(error); // Some other error.

      std::cout.write(buf.data(), len);
    }
  }
  catch (std::exception& e)
  {
    std::cerr << e.what() << std::endl;
  }

  return 0;
}

同步TCP服务器

• 一次只能处理一个连接的服务器

#include <ctime>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <boost/asio.hpp>

using boost::asio::ip::tcp;

std::string make_daytime_string()
{
  using namespace std; // For time_t, time and ctime;
  time_t now = time(0);
  return ctime(&now);
}

int main()
{
  try
  {
    boost::asio::io_context io_context;

    tcp::acceptor acceptor(io_context, tcp::endpoint(tcp::v4(), 13));

    for (;;)
    {
      tcp::socket socket(io_context);
      acceptor.accept(socket);

      std::string message = make_daytime_string();

      boost::system::error_code ignored_error;
      boost::asio::write(socket, boost::asio::buffer(message), ignored_error);
    }
  }
  catch (std::exception& e)
  {
    std::cerr << e.what() << std::endl;
  }

  return 0;
}

异步TCP服务器

#include <ctime>
#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <boost/asio.hpp>

using boost::asio::ip::tcp;

std::string make_daytime_string()
{
  using namespace std; // For time_t, time and ctime;
  time_t now = time(0);
  return ctime(&now);
}

class tcp_connection
  : public std::enable_shared_from_this<tcp_connection>
{
public:
  typedef std::shared_ptr<tcp_connection> pointer;

  static pointer create(boost::asio::io_context& io_context)
  {
    return pointer(new tcp_connection(io_context));
  }

  tcp::socket& socket()
  {
    return socket_;
  }

  void start()
  {
  	/* 要发送的数据保存在message_中，因为需要保证在异步操作完成前数据有效 */
    message_ = make_daytime_string();

    /* 使用boost::asio::async_write()而不是ip::tcp::socket::async_write_some()确保完整的数据被发送 */
    boost::asio::async_write(socket_, boost::asio::buffer(message_),
        std::bind(&tcp_connection::handle_write, shared_from_this(),
          boost::asio::placeholders::error,
          boost::asio::placeholders::bytes_transferred));
          
	/* 如果error和bytes_transferred不使用
	 * 即函数为void handle_write(){}
	 * 也可以改为boost::asio::async_write(socket_, boost::asio::buffer(message_),
    std::bind(&tcp_connection::handle_write, shared_from_this()));
     * 但是参数列表需要对应
     * */
  }

private:
  tcp_connection(boost::asio::io_context& io_context)
    : socket_(io_context)
  {
  }

  void handle_write(const boost::system::error_code& /*error*/,
      size_t /*bytes_transferred*/)
  {
  }

  tcp::socket socket_;
  std::string message_;
};

class tcp_server
{
public:
  tcp_server(boost::asio::io_context& io_context)
    : io_context_(io_context),
      acceptor_(io_context, tcp::endpoint(tcp::v4(), 13))	/* 初始化一个acceptor监听TCP 端口13 */
  {
    start_accept();
  }

private:
  /* 创建一个socket，初始化一个异步接收操作 */
  void start_accept()	
  {
    tcp_connection::pointer new_connection =
      tcp_connection::create(io_context_);

    acceptor_.async_accept(new_connection->socket(),
        std::bind(&tcp_server::handle_accept, this, new_connection,
          boost::asio::placeholders::error));
  }
  
  /* 服务于客户端请求，并调用start_accept()初始化下一个接收操作 */
  void handle_accept(tcp_connection::pointer new_connection,
      const boost::system::error_code& error)
  {
    if (!error)
    {
      new_connection->start();
    }

    start_accept();
  }

  boost::asio::io_context& io_context_;
  tcp::acceptor acceptor_;
};

int main()
{
  try
  {
    boost::asio::io_context io_context;
    tcp_server server(io_context);
    io_context.run();
  }
  catch (std::exception& e)
  {
    std::cerr << e.what() << std::endl;
  }

  return 0;
}