嵌入式--STM32外设操作干粮（持续更新）

串口

嵌入式中的串口一般指UART口，知道他就是用来通信的就OK。一般会使用三种方式进行数据的通信处理。分别是：轮询、中断、DMA。
以USART1为例，查询手册可知：USART1: 发送：PA9 接收：PA10
轮询：
使用串口助手测试，将接收到的串口数据发送给串口助手。

int  main( void )
{
	unsigned char test =0;
	GPIO_InitTypeDef gpio_Init;
	USART_InitTypeDef usart_Init;
	
	//时钟开启
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA,ENABLE);
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1,ENABLE);

	//GPIO管脚设置
	gpio_Init.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
	gpio_Init.GPIO_Pin  = GPIO_Pin_9;
	gpio_Init.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_10MHz;	
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&gpio_Init);
	
	gpio_Init.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU;
	gpio_Init.GPIO_Pin  = GPIO_Pin_10;
	gpio_Init.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_10MHz;	
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&gpio_Init);

	//串口参数初始化
	usart_Init.USART_BaudRate            = 115200;
	usart_Init.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
	usart_Init.USART_Mode 				 = USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx;
	usart_Init.USART_Parity              = USART_Parity_No;
	usart_Init.USART_StopBits            = USART_StopBits_1;
	usart_Init.USART_WordLength          = USART_WordLength_8b;
	USART_Init(USART1,&usart_Init);
	
	//串口使能
	USART_Cmd(USART1,ENABLE);
	
	while(1)
	{
		if(USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1,USART_FLAG_RXNE))
		{
			test = USART_ReceiveData(USART1);
			USART_SendData(USART1,test);
		}	
	}
	return 0;
}

中断：
简单串口助手测试：接收到数据存在recvBuff中，并向串口助手发送数据0x20,发送完成cnt值加一。

unsigned char recvBuff[200]={0};
unsigned char sendTest =0x20;
int len =0,cnt=0;
void USART1_IRQHandler(void)
{
	if(USART_GetITStatus(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE) != RESET)
	{
		USART_ClearITPendingBit(USART1,USART_IT_RXNE);
		recvBuff[len++] = USART_ReceiveData(USART1);
		USART_SendData(USART1,sendTest);
	}
	if(USART_GetITStatus(USART1, USART_IT_TC) != RESET)
	{
		USART_ClearITPendingBit(USART1,USART_IT_TC);
		cnt++;
	}
}
int  main( void )
{
	unsigned char test =0;
	GPIO_InitTypeDef gpio_Init;
	USART_InitTypeDef usart_Init;
	NVIC_InitTypeDef nvic_Init;
	//时钟开启
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA,ENABLE);
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1,ENABLE);

	//GPIO管脚设置
	gpio_Init.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
	gpio_Init.GPIO_Pin  = GPIO_Pin_9;
	gpio_Init.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_10MHz;	
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&gpio_Init);
	
	gpio_Init.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU;
	gpio_Init.GPIO_Pin  = GPIO_Pin_10;
	gpio_Init.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_10MHz;	
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&gpio_Init);

	//串口参数初始化
	usart_Init.USART_BaudRate            = 115200;
	usart_Init.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
	usart_Init.USART_Mode 							 = USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx;
	usart_Init.USART_Parity              = USART_Parity_No;
	usart_Init.USART_StopBits            = USART_StopBits_1;
	usart_Init.USART_WordLength          = USART_WordLength_8b;
	USART_Init(USART1,&usart_Init);
	
	NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(2);
	nvic_Init.NVIC_IRQChannel                    =USART1_IRQn;
	nvic_Init.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd                 =ENABLE;
	nvic_Init.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority  =2;
	nvic_Init.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority         =2;
	NVIC_Init(&nvic_Init);
	
	//开中断
	USART_ITConfig(USART1,USART_IT_RXNE,ENABLE);//接收完成中断
	USART_ITConfig(USART1,USART_IT_TC,ENABLE);//发送完成中断
	
	//串口使能
	USART_Cmd(USART1,ENABLE);
	
	while(1)
	{	
		
	}
	
	return 0;
}

DMA:
串口简单测试：一直发送dmaSend中的数据给串口助手，串口助手发出的数据，USART1接收后存在dmaRecv中，注意大小。

int  main( void )
{
	unsigned char test =0;
	unsigned char dmaSend[10]={0x1,0x2,0x3,0x4,0x5,0x6,0x7,0x8,0x9,0xA};
	unsigned char dmaRecv[100]={0};
	GPIO_InitTypeDef gpio_Init;
	USART_InitTypeDef usart_Init;
	DMA_InitTypeDef dma_Init;
	
	//时钟开启
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA,ENABLE);
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1,ENABLE);
	RCC_AHBPeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHBPeriph_DMA1, ENABLE);
	//GPIO管脚设置
	gpio_Init.GPIO_Mode  = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
	gpio_Init.GPIO_Pin   = GPIO_Pin_9;
	gpio_Init.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_10MHz;	
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&gpio_Init);
	
	gpio_Init.GPIO_Mode  = GPIO_Mode_IPU;
	gpio_Init.GPIO_Pin   = GPIO_Pin_10;
	gpio_Init.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_10MHz;	
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&gpio_Init);

	//串口参数初始化
	usart_Init.USART_BaudRate            = 115200;
	usart_Init.USART_HardwareFlowControl =USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
	usart_Init.USART_Mode 				 = USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx;
	usart_Init.USART_Parity              = USART_Parity_No;
	usart_Init.USART_StopBits            = USART_StopBits_1;
	usart_Init.USART_WordLength          = USART_WordLength_8b;
	USART_Init(USART1,&usart_Init);
	
	//DMA设置 TX-DMA1:4   RX:DMA1:5
	dma_Init.DMA_BufferSize             =10;
	dma_Init.DMA_DIR							      =DMA_DIR_PeripheralDST;
	dma_Init.DMA_M2M										=DMA_M2M_Disable;
	dma_Init.DMA_MemoryBaseAddr         =(unsigned int)dmaSend;
	dma_Init.DMA_MemoryDataSize         =DMA_MemoryDataSize_Byte;
	dma_Init.DMA_MemoryInc              =DMA_MemoryInc_Enable;
	dma_Init.DMA_Mode                   =DMA_Mode_Circular;
	dma_Init.DMA_PeripheralBaseAddr     =(unsigned int)&USART1->DR;
	dma_Init.DMA_PeripheralDataSize     =DMA_PeripheralDataSize_Byte;
	dma_Init.DMA_PeripheralInc          =DMA_PeripheralInc_Disable;
	dma_Init.DMA_Priority               =DMA_Priority_Medium;
	DMA_Init(DMA1_Channel4,&dma_Init);
	DMA_Cmd(DMA1_Channel4,ENABLE);
	USART_DMACmd(USART1,USART_DMAReq_Tx,ENABLE);
	
	dma_Init.DMA_BufferSize             =sizeof(dmaRecv)/sizeof(dmaRecv[0]);
	dma_Init.DMA_DIR				    =DMA_DIR_PeripheralSRC;
	dma_Init.DMA_M2M				    =DMA_M2M_Disable;
	dma_Init.DMA_MemoryBaseAddr         =(unsigned int)dmaRecv;
	dma_Init.DMA_MemoryDataSize         =DMA_MemoryDataSize_Byte;
	dma_Init.DMA_MemoryInc              =DMA_MemoryInc_Enable;
	dma_Init.DMA_Mode                   =DMA_Mode_Circular;
	dma_Init.DMA_PeripheralBaseAddr     =(unsigned int)&USART1->DR;
	dma_Init.DMA_PeripheralDataSize     =DMA_PeripheralDataSize_Byte;
	dma_Init.DMA_PeripheralInc          =DMA_PeripheralInc_Disable;
	dma_Init.DMA_Priority               =DMA_Priority_Medium;
	DMA_Init(DMA1_Channel5,&dma_Init);
	DMA_Cmd(DMA1_Channel5,ENABLE);
	USART_DMACmd(USART1,USART_DMAReq_Rx,ENABLE);
	
	//串口使能
	USART_Cmd(USART1,ENABLE);
	while(1)
	{
	}
	return 0;
}