UCB CS61A HW01 Q5: If Function vs Statement

def cond():
	return False

def true_func():
	print(42)

def false_func():
	print(47)

If Statement

1 def with_if_statement():
2 	  if cond():
3 		  return true_func()
4 	  else:
5		  return false_func()
6     result = with_if_statement() # 47
7     print(result) # None

line that has just executed: []
next line to execute: 【】

• Step 1 【1】
  First, the definition statement for the function with_if_statement is executed. Notice that the entire def statement is processed in a single step. The body of a function is not executed until the function called (not when it is defined). After executing the first definition statement, only the name with_if_statement if bound in the global frame.

Global Frame	with_if_statement
with_if_statement	·–> func with_if_statement

• Step 2 【6】[1]
  Next, the with_if_statement function is called, and so a new frame is created.

Global Frame	with_if_statement
with_if_statement	·–> func with_if_statement()

Local Frame	with_if_statement

• Step 3 【2】[6]
• Step 4 【5】[2]

Global Frame	with_if_statement
with_if_statement	·–> func with_if_statement()

Local Frame	with_if_statement
Return value	None ·->print(47)

• Step 【6】[5]

>>> result = with_if_statement()
47

Global Frame	with_if_statement
with_if_statement	·–> func with_if_statement()
result	None ·->print(47)

Local Frame	with_if_statement
Return value	None ·->print(47)

• Step 【7】[6]

>>> print(result) # print(None)
None

The value that print returns is always None, a special Python value that represents nothing. The interactive Python interpreter does not automatically print the value None. In the case of print, the function itself is printing output as a side effect of being called.

If Function

1 def if_function(condition, true_result, false_resule):
2	  if condition:
3		  return true_result
4	  else:
5		  return false_result

6 def with_if_function()
7     return if_function(cond(), true_func(), false_func())
8 result = with_if_function()
9 print(result)

line that has just executed: []
next line to execute: 【】

• Step 1 【1】

Global Frame
if_functiont	·–> func if_function()

• Step 2 【6】[1]

Global Frame
if_functiont	·–> func if_function()
with_if_function	·–> func with_if_function()

• Step 3 【8】[6]

Global Frame
if_functiont	·–> func if_function()
with_if_function	·–> func with_if_function()

Local Frame	with_if_function
with_if_functiont	·–> func with_if_function()

• Step 4 【7】[8]
  Next, the if_function() function is called, and so a new frame is created with the formal parameters, cond() bound to the value of False, true_func() bound to the value of print(42), and false_func() bound to the value of print(47).

Global Frame
if_functiont	·–> func if_function()
with_if_function	·–> func with_if_function()

Local Frame	with_if_function
with_if_functiont	·–> func with_if_function()

Local Frame	with_if_function
with_if_functiont	·–> func if_function()
func()	0 ·–> False
true_func()	None ·–> print(42)
false_func()	None ·–> print(47)

• Step 5 【2】[7]
• Step 6 【5】[2]

Global Frame
if_functiont	·–> func if_function()
with_if_function	·–> func with_if_function()

Local Frame	with_if_function
with_if_functiont	·–> func with_if_function()

Local Frame	if_function
with_if_functiont	·–> func if_function()
func()	0 ·–> False
true_func()	None ·–> print(42)
false_func()	None ·–> print(47)
Return value	None ·–> print(47)

• Step 7 【7】[5]

Global Frame
if_functiont	·–> func if_function()
with_if_function	·–> func with_if_function()

Local Frame	with_if_function
with_if_functiont	·–> func with_if_function()
Return value	None ·–> print(47)

Local Frame	if_function
with_if_functiont	·–> func if_function()
func()	0 ·–> False
true_func()	None ·–> print(42)
false_func()	None ·–> print(47)
Return value	None ·–> print(47)

• Step 8 【8】[7]

>>> result = with_if_statement()
42
47

Global Frame
if_functiont	·–> func if_function()
with_if_function	·–> func with_if_function()
result	None ·–> print(47)

Local Frame	with_if_function
with_if_functiont	·–> func with_if_function()
Return value	None ·–> print(47)

Local Frame	if_function
with_if_functiont	·–> func if_function()
func()	0 ·–> False
true_func()	None ·–> print(42)
false_func()	None ·–> print(47)
Return value	None ·–> print(47)

• Step 9 【9】[8]

>>> print(result) # print(None)
None