2020 Fall UCB CS61A HOG（Refresh）

之前发表过的hog解答参考了一些别人的答案，一年过去了，自己从新写了一遍，如下，有问题欢迎评论

在做这个project的过程中，感觉一个要注意的地方就是在调用dice()这个函数的时候要注意，比如要看前一百次最大的dice()结果：

一般写程序找最大值是这样的：

i = 0
max = 0
arr = [1,4,2,6,8,………]
while i<100：
	if arr[i]>max:
		max = arr[i]

这里面的arr[i]是同一个地址，同一个值
但是这个lab里面的dice作为一个函数每次参与一个expression都会执行一遍，也就是说在line A和line B都执行了一次，这两次的结果在该project的背景下是不一样的。

i = 0
max = 0
while i<100：
	if dice()>max: （line A）
		max = dice() （line B）

这会导致一个问题：这时实际上给max的值并不是if里面的dice，而是dice函数从新执行一次的结果。

"""CS 61A Presents The Game of Hog."""

from dice import six_sided, four_sided, make_test_dice
from ucb import main, trace, interact

GOAL_SCORE = 100  # The goal of Hog is to score 100 points.
FIRST_101_DIGITS_OF_PI = 31415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751058209749445923078164062862089986280348253421170679

######################
# Phase 1: Simulator #
######################


def roll_dice(num_rolls, dice=six_sided):
    """Simulate rolling the DICE exactly NUM_ROLLS > 0 times. Return the sum of
    the outcomes unless any of the outcomes is 1. In that case, return 1.

    num_rolls:  The number of dice rolls that will be made.
    dice:       A function that simulates a single dice roll outcome.
    """
    # These assert statements ensure that num_rolls is a positive integer.
    assert type(num_rolls) == int, 'num_rolls must be an integer.'
    assert num_rolls > 0, 'Must roll at least once.'
    # BEGIN PROBLEM 1
    "*** YOUR CODE HERE ***"
    num_of_rolls = 1
    sum,flag = 0,0
    while num_of_rolls<=num_rolls:
        veritify = sum
        sum += dice()
        if (veritify+1)==sum:
            flag =1
        num_of_rolls += 1
    if flag==1:
        return 1
    else:
        return sum

    # END PROBLEM 1


def free_bacon(score):
    """Return the points scored from rolling 0 dice (Free Bacon).

    score:  The opponent's current score.
    """
    assert score < 100, 'The game should be over.'
    pi = FIRST_101_DIGITS_OF_PI

    # Trim pi to only (score + 1) digit(s)
    # BEGIN PROBLEM 2
    "*** YOUR CODE HERE ***"
    pi = FIRST_101_DIGITS_OF_PI//pow(10,100-score)
    # END PROBLEM 2
    return pi % 10 + 3


def take_turn(num_rolls, opponent_score, dice=six_sided):
    """Simulate a turn rolling NUM_ROLLS dice, which may be 0 (Free Bacon).
    Return the points scored for the turn by the current player.

    num_rolls:       The number of dice rolls that will be made.
    opponent_score:  The total score of the opponent.
    dice:            A function that simulates a single dice roll outcome.
    """
    # Leave these assert statements here; they help check for errors.
    assert type(num_rolls) == int, 'num_rolls must be an integer.'
    assert num_rolls >= 0, 'Cannot roll a negative number of dice in take_turn.'
    assert num_rolls <= 10, 'Cannot roll more than 10 dice.'
    assert opponent_score < 100, 'The game should be over.'
    # BEGIN PROBLEM 3
    "*** YOUR CODE HERE ***"
    if num_rolls==0:
        new_score = free_bacon(opponent_score)
    else:
        new_score = roll_dice(num_rolls=num_rolls,dice=dice)
    return new_score
    # END PROBLEM 3


def extra_turn(player_score, opponent_score):
    """Return whether the player gets an extra turn."""
    return (pig_pass(player_score, opponent_score) or
            swine_align(player_score, opponent_score))


def swine_align(player_score, opponent_score):
    """Return whether the player gets an extra turn due to Swine Align.

    player_score:   The total score of the current player.
    opponent_score: The total score of the other player.

    >>> swine_align(30, 45)  # The GCD is 15.
    True
    >>> swine_align(35, 45)  # The GCD is 5.
    False
    """
    # BEGIN PROBLEM 4a
    "*** YOUR CODE HERE ***"
    if player_score<10 or opponent_score<10:
        return False
    Start_Divisor = min(player_score,opponent_score)
    while Start_Divisor>=10:
        if player_score % Start_Divisor == 0:
            if opponent_score % Start_Divisor == 0:
                    return True
        Start_Divisor -= 1
    return False
    # END PROBLEM 4a


def pig_pass(player_score, opponent_score):
    """Return whether the player gets an extra turn due to Pig Pass.

    player_score:   The total score of the current player.
    opponent_score: The total score of the other player.

    >>> pig_pass(9, 12)
    False
    >>> pig_pass(10, 12)
    True
    >>> pig_pass(11, 12)
    True
    >>> pig_pass(12, 12)
    False
    >>> pig_pass(13, 12)
    False
    """
    # BEGIN PROBLEM 4b
    "*** YOUR CODE HERE ***"
    if opponent_score-player_score>0 and opponent_score-player_score<3:
        return True
    return False
    # END PROBLEM 4b


def other(who):
    """Return the other player, for a player WHO numbered 0 or 1.

    >>> other(0)
    1
    >>> other(1)
    0
    """
    return 1 - who


def silence(score0, score1):
    """Announce nothing (see Phase 2)."""
    return silence


def play(strategy0, strategy1, score0=0, score1=0, dice=six_sided,
         goal=GOAL_SCORE, say=silence):
    """Simulate a game and return the final scores of both players, with Player
    0's score first, and Player 1's score second.

    A strategy is a function that takes two total scores as arguments (the
    current player's score, and the opponent's score), and returns a number of
    dice that the current player will roll this turn.

    strategy0:  The strategy function for Player 0, who plays first.
    strategy1:  The strategy function for Player 1, who plays second.
    score0:     Starting score for Player 0
    score1:     Starting score for Player 1
    dice:       A function of zero arguments that simulates a dice roll.
    goal:       The game ends and someone wins when this score is reached.
    say:        The commentary function to call at the end of the first turn.
    """
    who = 0  # Who is about to take a turn, 0 (first) or 1 (second)
    # BEGIN PROBLEM 5
    "*** YOUR CODE HERE ***"
    flag = 0 
    while who == 0:
        if strategy0(score0,score1)==0:
            score0 += free_bacon(score1)
        else:
            num_of_rolls = strategy0(score0,score1)
            score0 += roll_dice(num_of_rolls,dice)
        say = say(score0,score1)
        if score0>= goal:
            break
        if not extra_turn(score0,score1):
            who = other(who)
        while who ==1:
            if strategy1(score1,score0) == 0:
                score1 += free_bacon(score0)
            else:
                num_of_rolls = strategy1(score1,score0)
                score1 += roll_dice(num_of_rolls,dice)
            say = say(score0,score1)
            if score1>= goal:
                flag = 1
                break
            if not extra_turn(score1,score0):
                who = other(who)
        if flag == 1:
            break
    # END PROBLEM 5
    # (note that the indentation for the problem 6 prompt (***YOUR CODE HERE***) might be misleading)
    # BEGIN PROBLEM 6
    "*** YOUR CODE HERE ***"
    # END PROBLEM 6
    return score0, score1


#######################
# Phase 2: Commentary #
#######################


def say_scores(score0, score1):
    """A commentary function that announces the score for each player."""
    print("Player 0 now has", score0, "and Player 1 now has", score1)
    return say_scores


def announce_lead_changes(last_leader=None):
    """Return a commentary function that announces lead changes.

    >>> f0 = announce_lead_changes()
    >>> f1 = f0(5, 0)
    Player 0 takes the lead by 5
    >>> f2 = f1(5, 12)
    Player 1 takes the lead by 7
    >>> f3 = f2(8, 12)
    >>> f4 = f3(8, 13)
    >>> f5 = f4(15, 13)
    Player 0 takes the lead by 2
    """
    def say(score0, score1):
        if score0 > score1:
            leader = 0
        elif score1 > score0:
            leader = 1
        else:
            leader = None
        if leader != None and leader != last_leader:
            print('Player', leader, 'takes the lead by', abs(score0 - score1))
        return announce_lead_changes(leader)
    return say


def both(f, g):
    """Return a commentary function that says what f says, then what g says.

    NOTE: the following game is not possible under the rules, it's just
    an example for the sake of the doctest

    >>> h0 = both(say_scores, announce_lead_changes())
    >>> h1 = h0(10, 0)
    Player 0 now has 10 and Player 1 now has 0
    Player 0 takes the lead by 10
    >>> h2 = h1(10, 8)
    Player 0 now has 10 and Player 1 now has 8
    >>> h3 = h2(10, 17)
    Player 0 now has 10 and Player 1 now has 17
    Player 1 takes the lead by 7
    """
    def say(score0, score1):
        return both(f(score0, score1), g(score0, score1))
    return say


def announce_highest(who, last_score=0, running_high=0):
    """Return a commentary function that announces when WHO's score
    increases by more than ever before in the game.

    NOTE: the following game is not possible under the rules, it's just
    an example for the sake of the doctest

    >>> f0 = announce_highest(1) # Only announce Player 1 score gains
    >>> f1 = f0(12, 0)
    >>> f2 = f1(12, 9)
    9 point(s)! The most yet for Player 1
    >>> f3 = f2(20, 9)
    >>> f4 = f3(20, 30)
    21 point(s)! The most yet for Player 1
    >>> f5 = f4(20, 47) # Player 1 gets 17 points; not enough for a new high
    >>> f6 = f5(21, 47)
    >>> f7 = f6(21, 77)
    30 point(s)! The most yet for Player 1
    """
    assert who == 0 or who == 1, 'The who argument should indicate a player.'
    # BEGIN PROBLEM 7
    "*** YOUR CODE HERE ***"
    def say(player0_score,player1_score,running_high=running_high):
        if not who:
            if player0_score-last_score > running_high:
                running_high = player0_score-last_score
                print('{} point(s)! The most yet for Player {}'.format(player0_score-last_score,who))
            return announce_highest(who,player0_score,running_high)
        else:
            if player1_score-last_score > running_high:
                running_high = player1_score-last_score
                print('{} point(s)! The most yet for Player {}'.format(player1_score-last_score,who))
            return announce_highest(who,player1_score,running_high)

    return say
    # END PROBLEM 7


#######################
# Phase 3: Strategies #
#######################


def always_roll(n):
    """Return a strategy that always rolls N dice.

    A strategy is a function that takes two total scores as arguments (the
    current player's score, and the opponent's score), and returns a number of
    dice that the current player will roll this turn.

    >>> strategy = always_roll(5)
    >>> strategy(0, 0)
    5
    >>> strategy(99, 99)
    5
    """
    def strategy(score, opponent_score):
        return n
    return strategy


def make_averaged(original_function, trials_count=1000):
    """Return a function that returns the average value of ORIGINAL_FUNCTION
    when called.

    To implement this function, you will have to use *args syntax, a new Python
    feature introduced in this project.  See the project description.

    >>> dice = make_test_dice(4, 2, 5, 1)
    >>> averaged_dice = make_averaged(dice, 1000)
    >>> averaged_dice()
    3.0
    """
    # BEGIN PROBLEM 8
    "*** YOUR CODE HERE ***"
    def result(*args):
        count,sum = 1,0
        while count <= trials_count:
            sum += original_function(*args)
            count += 1
        return sum/trials_count
    return result
    # END PROBLEM 8


def max_scoring_num_rolls(dice=six_sided, trials_count=1000):
    """Return the number of dice (1 to 10) that gives the highest average turn
    score by calling roll_dice with the provided DICE over TRIALS_COUNT times.
    Assume that the dice always return positive outcomes.

    >>> dice = make_test_dice(1, 6)
    >>> max_scoring_num_rolls(dice)
    1
    """
    # BEGIN PROBLEM 9
    "*** YOUR CODE HERE ***"
    num_of_dice = 1
    max = 0
    while num_of_dice <= 10:
        averaged_rool_dice = make_averaged(roll_dice,trials_count=trials_count)
        mid = averaged_rool_dice(num_of_dice,dice)
        if mid > max:
            max = mid
            finest_num_rools = num_of_dice
        num_of_dice += 1
    return finest_num_rools
    # END PROBLEM 9


def winner(strategy0, strategy1):
    """Return 0 if strategy0 wins against strategy1, and 1 otherwise."""
    score0, score1 = play(strategy0, strategy1)
    if score0 > score1:
        return 0
    else:
        return 1


def average_win_rate(strategy, baseline=always_roll(6)):
    """Return the average win rate of STRATEGY against BASELINE. Averages the
    winrate when starting the game as player 0 and as player 1.
    """
    win_rate_as_player_0 = 1 - make_averaged(winner)(strategy, baseline)
    win_rate_as_player_1 = make_averaged(winner)(baseline, strategy)

    return (win_rate_as_player_0 + win_rate_as_player_1) / 2


def run_experiments():
    """Run a series of strategy experiments and report results."""
    if True:  # Change to False when done finding max_scoring_num_rolls
        six_sided_max = max_scoring_num_rolls(six_sided)
        print('Max scoring num rolls for six-sided dice:', six_sided_max)

    if False:  # Change to True to test always_roll(8)
        print('always_roll(8) win rate:', average_win_rate(always_roll(8)))

    if False:  # Change to True to test bacon_strategy
        print('bacon_strategy win rate:', average_win_rate(bacon_strategy))

    if False:  # Change to True to test extra_turn_strategy
        print('extra_turn_strategy win rate:', average_win_rate(extra_turn_strategy))

    if False:  # Change to True to test final_strategy
        print('final_strategy win rate:', average_win_rate(final_strategy))

    "*** You may add additional experiments as you wish ***"



def bacon_strategy(score, opponent_score, cutoff=8, num_rolls=6):
    """This strategy rolls 0 dice if that gives at least CUTOFF points, and
    rolls NUM_ROLLS otherwise.
    """
    # BEGIN PROBLEM 10
    if free_bacon(opponent_score)>=cutoff:
        return 0
    else:
        return num_rolls
    # END PROBLEM 10


def extra_turn_strategy(score, opponent_score, cutoff=8, num_rolls=6):
    """This strategy rolls 0 dice when it triggers an extra turn. It also
    rolls 0 dice if it gives at least CUTOFF points and does not give an extra turn.
    Otherwise, it rolls NUM_ROLLS.
    """
    # BEGIN PROBLEM 11
    new_score = score + free_bacon(opponent_score)
    if extra_turn(new_score,opponent_score):
        return 0
    else:
        return bacon_strategy(score,opponent_score,cutoff,num_rolls)
      # Replace this statement
    # END PROBLEM 11


def final_strategy(score, opponent_score):
    """Write a brief description of your final strategy.

    *** YOUR DESCRIPTION HERE ***
    """
    # BEGIN PROBLEM 12
    return 6  # Replace this statement
    # END PROBLEM 12

##########################
# Command Line Interface #
##########################

# NOTE: Functions in this section do not need to be changed. They use features
# of Python not yet covered in the course.


@main
def run(*args):
    """Read in the command-line argument and calls corresponding functions."""
    import argparse
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Play Hog")
    parser.add_argument('--run_experiments', '-r', action='store_true',
                        help='Runs strategy experiments')

    args = parser.parse_args()

    if args.run_experiments:
        run_experiments()