Makefile入门,超级详细，cmakelists.txt生成的makefile文件一行一行注释

已于 2023-07-03 21:34:05 修改
阅读量2.1k 收藏 16
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分类专栏： Linux_cmake 文章标签： 开发语言 c++ linux ubuntu
于 2023-07-03 21:25:54 首次发布
版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，遵循 CC 4.0 BY-SA 版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接和本声明。
本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45533366/article/details/131512677
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以前自己都是写CMakeList.txt文件，没有关注过Makefile文件，但是有时候CmakeList.txt却存在一些问题，比如当装有两个版本的库的时候，指示制定库的版本或者设置链接库的路径，但是仍然存在库链接错误的问题。以前遇到问题都是根据报错去网上搜，但是很多时候都搜不到合适的答案，所以决定研究一下Makefile文件，这样遇到编译问题就可以自己追根溯源了。
以一个常见cmake生成的Makefile文件为例，逐行进行分析讲解，如有不对的地方，欢迎在评论区留言。

# CMAKE generated file: DO NOT EDIT!
# Generated by "Unix Makefiles" Generator, CMake Version 3.16

# Default target executed when no arguments are given to make.
# .PHONY 是伪目标的意思，正常makefile代码格式是这样的：
# target : dependencies
#	command
#包含target,dependencies 和command三部分，target 和 dependencies通常都是实体文件，例如可执行文件或者库文件。
#当target不存在，或者dependencies比target新的时候就会执行command,生成target。
#但是有些target并不是实体文件，例如 clean:
#.PHONY:clean
#clean:
#	rm -rf ${obj}
#clean 并不是一个实体文件，它的dependencies是空的。所以target永远比dependencies新，
#如果存在 target 同名文件，就不会执行command
#加上一个.PHONY说明clean是一个伪目标，不是实体目标
#make clean就可以执行对应的command了
#类似的还有all, install, clean, distclean, TAGS, info, check
#make <phony_target> 就执行对应的command。


#Make 的默认行为是执行Makefile的第一个target，该目标一般会带起多个目标的执行。
#例如下面的 default_target:all, default_target是一个伪目标，make不会检查是否生成具体的default_target文件。
#但是会检查 default_target 的 dependencies all的生成或者更新情况,如果all没有生成或者更新，就会生成all。
#all是在后面定义的
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#当cmake_check_build_system检查完毕后将执行后面命令

# The main all target
all: cmake_check_build_system

#CMAKE_COMMAND = /usr/bin/cmake 是自定义的变量，-E: CMake命令行模式
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所以读取makefile文件的流程就是，先找到最顶层的makefile文件。如果是默认make，就找它的第一个target, 然后根据第一个target 的dependencies依次递推。makefile文件也不一定名字都叫makefile，也有可能是 .cmake或者 .make文件。总之，如果要写大型工程，makefile文件不一定要会写，但是一定要看懂，这样第三库复杂且多时，才能追根溯源找到bug。

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