Java的注解与反射

注解与反射

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注解

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检查、约束

注解是有功能的

元注解

@MyAnnotation
public class Demo02 {

    @MyAnnotation
    public void taet() {

    }
}


// 定义一个注解
// Target  表示我们的注解可以用在哪些地方
@Target(value = {ElementType.METHOD,ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE.TYPE})
// Retention  表示我们的注解可以用在什么地方还有效
@Retention(value = RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
// Documented 表示是否将我们注解生成在Javadoc文件中
@Documented
// Inherited 子类可以继承父类注解
@Inherited
@interface MyAnnotation{

}

自定义注解

/**
 * 没有顺序
 */
public class Demo03 {
    // 注解可以显示赋值   如果没有默认值  必须给注解赋值
    @MyAnnotation2(name = "liyjie", schools = {"中北大学", "山西大学"})
    public void test1(){

    }

    @MyAnnotation3("Liyujie")
    public void test2(){

    }
}

@Target({ElementType.TYPE,ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface MyAnnotation2{
    // 注解的参数：参数类型  +  参数名();
    // 默认值  default
    String name() default "";
    int age() default 0;
    int id() default -1; // 如果默认值为-1  代表不存在


    String[] schools() ;

}

// 默认值只有一个时 可以偷懒  参数名为value那么在上面就不需要写 value
@Target({ElementType.TYPE,ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface MyAnnotation3{
    String value();
}

反射机制

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优点缺点

public class Demo03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        Person person = new Student();
        System.out.println("这个人是:" + person.name);

        // 第一种方式  通过对象获得
        Class c1 = person.getClass();

        // 第二种方式  forname获得
        Class c2 = Class.forName("nuc.richard.reflection.Student");

        // 第三种方式  通过类名.class获得
        Class c3 = Student.class;

        // 第四种方式  基本内置类型的包装类都有一个Type属性
        Class c4 = Integer.TYPE;

        Class c5 = c1.getSuperclass();



        System.out.println(c1.hashCode());
        System.out.println(c2.hashCode());
        System.out.println(c3.hashCode());
        System.out.println(c4);
        System.out.println(c5);
    }
}


class Person {
    String name;

    public Person(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Person() {
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

class Student extends Person {
    public Student() {
        this.name = "学生";
    }
}

class Teacher extends Person {
    public Teacher() {
        this.name = "教师";
    }
}

// 所有类型的Class
public class Demo04 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Class c1 = Object.class; // 类
        Class c2 = Comparable.class; // 接口
        Class c3 = String[].class; // 一维数组
        Class c4 = int[][].class; // 二维接口
        Class c5 = Override.class; // 注解
        Class c6 = ElementType.class; // 枚举
        Class c7 = Integer.class; // 基本数据类型
        Class c8 = void.class; // void
        Class c9 = Class.class; // Class


        System.out.println(c1);
        System.out.println(c2);
        System.out.println(c3);
        System.out.println(c4);
        System.out.println(c5);
        System.out.println(c6);
        System.out.println(c7);
        System.out.println(c8);
        System.out.println(c9);

        // 只要元素类型与维度一样，就是同一个class
        int[] a = new int[10];
        int[] b = new int[100];
        System.out.println(a.getClass().hashCode());
        System.out.println(b.getClass().hashCode());

    }
}

例子：

public class Demo05 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        A a = new A();
        System.out.println(A.m);

        /*
        1. 加载到内存  ，会产生一个类对应的Class对象
        2. 链接， 链接结束后 m = 0
        3. 初始化
            <clinit>(){
                  System.out.println("A类静态代码块初始化");
                  m = 300;
                  m = 100
            }
         */
    }
}
class A{

    static int m = 100;

    static{
        System.out.println("A类静态代码块初始化");
        m = 300;
    }
    public A() {

        System.out.println("A类的无参构造初始化");
    }
}

// 测试类什么时候会初始化
public class Demo06 {

    static {
        System.out.println("main类被加载");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        // 1. 主动引用
        //Son son = new Son();

        // 2. 反射也会产生主动引用  不会导致子类的初始化
        //Class.forName("nuc.richard.reflection.Son");

        // 通过子类调用父类的东西   不会产生类的引用的方法
        //System.out.println(Son.b);

        // 通过数组
        //Son[] array = new Son[5];

        // 常量也不会产生类的加载
        System.out.println(Son.M);

    }
}

class Father {

    static int b = 2;
    static {
        System.out.println("父类被加载");
    }
}

class Son extends Father {
    static {
        System.out.println("子类被加载");
        m = 300;
    }
    static int m = 100;
    static final int M = 1;
}

类加载器的作用

public class Demo07 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        // 获取系统类的加载器
        ClassLoader systemClassLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
        System.out.println(systemClassLoader);

        // 获取系统类加载器的父类加载器--->扩展类加载器
        ClassLoader parent = systemClassLoader.getParent();
        System.out.println(parent);

        // 获取扩展类加载器的父类--->根加载器(c/c++)
        ClassLoader parent1 = parent.getParent();
        System.out.println(parent1);
        
        // 测试当前类是那个加载器
        ClassLoader classLoader = Class.forName("nuc.richard.reflection.Demo07").getClassLoader();
        System.out.println(classLoader);

        // 测试jdk内部类是谁加载的
        classLoader = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getClassLoader();
        System.out.println(classLoader);

        // 如何获得系统类加载器可以加载路径
        System.out.println(System.clearProperty("java.class.path"));
        //C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\charsets.jar;
        // C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\deploy.jar;
        // C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;
        // C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;
        // C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;
        // C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;
        // C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;
        // C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;
        // C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;
        // C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;
        // C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;
        // C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;
        // C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;
        // C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;
        // C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\javaws.jar;
        // C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\jce.jar;
        // C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\jfr.jar;
        // C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;
        // C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\jsse.jar;
        // C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;
        // C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\plugin.jar;
        // C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\resources.jar;
        // C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\rt.jar;
        // D:\lyj\JAVA2\注解和反射\out\production\注解和反射;
        // D:\lyj\idea\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3\lib\idea_rt.jar
    }
}

获取类的名字、的方法 以及方法属性 （指定）

public class Demo08 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException, NoSuchMethodException {
        Class c1 = Class.forName("nuc.richard.reflection.User");

        User user = new User();
        c1 = user.getClass();

        // 获得类的名字
        System.out.println(c1.getName()); // 包名 + 类名
        // 获得简易类的名字
        System.out.println(c1.getSimpleName()); // 类名


        // 获得类的属性
        System.out.println("-----------------------------");
        Field[] fields = null; // 只能找到public属性
        fields = c1.getDeclaredFields();
        for (Field field : fields) {
            System.out.println(field);
        }

        // 获得类的指定属性
        Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
        System.out.println(name);

        // 获得类的方法
        System.out.println("------------------------------");
        Method[] methods = c1.getMethods();// 本类及其父类的全部public方法

        for (Method method : methods) {
            System.out.println("666:" + method);
        }
        methods = c1.getDeclaredMethods();
        for (Method method : methods) { // 本类的所有方法
            System.out.println(method);
        }

        // 获得指定方法
        // 重载
        Method getName = c1.getMethod("getName", null);
        Method setName = c1.getMethod("setName", String.class);

        System.out.println(getName);
        System.out.println(setName);

        // 获得构造器
        System.out.println("-----------------------------");
        Constructor[] constructors = c1.getConstructors();
        for (Constructor constructor : constructors) {
            System.out.println(constructor);
        }

        constructors = c1.getDeclaredConstructors();
        for (Constructor constructor : constructors) {
            System.out.println(constructor);
        }

        // 获得指定构造器
        Constructor declaredConstructor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class);
        System.out.println("指定：" + declaredConstructor);
        
    }
}

操作方法中的属性

public class Demo09 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchFieldException {
        // 获得Class对象
        Class c1 = Class.forName("nuc.richard.reflection.User");


        // 构造一个class对象
       // User user = (User) c1.newInstance(); // 本质调用无参
        //System.out.println(user);

//        // 通过构造器创造对象
//        Constructor constructor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class);
//        User user2 = (User)constructor.newInstance("李宇杰", 001, 20);
//        System.out.println(user2);
//
//        User user3 = (User) c1.newInstance();
//        Method setName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("setName", String.class);
//        // invoke  激活的意思
//        // （对象， "对象方法值"）
//        setName.invoke(user3, "richaf");
//        System.out.println(user3.getName());


        User user4 = (User) c1.newInstance();
        Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");

        // 不能直接操作私有属性，我们需要关闭程序的安全检测，属性或方法的setAccessible(true)   但是会降低程序的效率
        name.setAccessible(true); // 关闭权限
        name.set(user4,"licahde");
        System.out.println(user4.getName());
    }
}

性能分析

// 分析性能问题
public class Demo10 {

    // 普通方式调用

    public static void test01() {
        User user = new User();

        long starttime = System.currentTimeMillis();

        for (int i = 0; i < 1000000000; i++) {
            user.getName();
        }
        
        long endtime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("普通方法执行10亿次：" + (endtime-starttime) + "ms");

    }

    // 反射方式调用
    public static void test02() throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
        User user = new User();
        Class c1 = user.getClass();

        Method getName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("getName", null);

        long starttime = System.currentTimeMillis();

        for (int i = 0; i < 1000000000; i++) {
            getName.invoke(user,null);

        }

        long endtime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("反射方法执行10亿次：" + (endtime-starttime) + "ms");

    }

    // 反射方式调用  关闭检测
    public static void test03() throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
        User user = new User();
        Class c1 = user.getClass();

        Method getName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("getName", null);
        getName.setAccessible(true);

        long starttime = System.currentTimeMillis();

        for (int i = 0; i < 1000000000; i++) {
            getName.invoke(user,null);
        }

        long endtime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("关闭检测方法执行10亿次：" + (endtime-starttime) + "ms");

    }


    public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
        test01();
        test02();
        test03();
    }
}

反射操作泛型

// 通过反射获取泛型
public class Demo11 {

    public void test01(Map<String, User> map, List<User> list) {
        System.out.println("test01");
    }

    public Map<String, User> test02() {
        System.out.println("test02");
        return null;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException {
        Method method = Demo11.class.getMethod("test01", Map.class, List.class);

        Type[] genericParameterTypes = method.getGenericParameterTypes(); // 获得泛型参数类型
        for (Type genericParameterType : genericParameterTypes) {
            System.out.println("#" + genericParameterType);
            // 泛型参数类型 等于 结构化参数类型
            if (genericParameterType instanceof ParameterizedType) {
                Type[] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) genericParameterType).getActualTypeArguments();
                for (Type actualTypeArgument : actualTypeArguments) {
                    System.out.println(actualTypeArgument);
                }
            }
        }



        method = Demo11.class.getMethod("test02", null);
        Type genericReturnType = method.getGenericReturnType();

            System.out.println("#" + genericReturnType);
            // 泛型参数类型 等于 结构化参数类型
            if (genericReturnType instanceof ParameterizedType) {
                Type[] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) genericReturnType).getActualTypeArguments();
                for (Type actualTypeArgument : actualTypeArguments) {
                    System.out.println(actualTypeArgument);
                }
            }



    }
}

反射操作注解

public class Demo12 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException {
        Class<?> c1 = Class.forName("nuc.richard.reflection.Student02");

        // 通过反射获得注解
        Annotation[] annotations = c1.getAnnotations();
        for (Annotation annotation : annotations) {
            System.out.println(annotation);
        }

        // 获得注解的value值
        TableRichard tableRichard = (TableRichard) c1.getAnnotation(TableRichard.class);
        System.out.println(tableRichard.value());

        // 获得类指定的注解
        Field f = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
        FieldRichard annotation = f.getAnnotation(FieldRichard.class);
        System.out.println(annotation.columnName());
        System.out.println(annotation.type());
        System.out.println(annotation.length());
    }

}
@TableRichard("db_student")
class Student02 {
    @FieldRichard(columnName = "db_id",type = "int", length = 10)
    private int id;
    @FieldRichard(columnName = "db_age",type = "int", length = 10)
    private int age;
    @FieldRichard(columnName = "db_name",type = "String", length = 5)
    private String name;

    public Student02() {
    }

    public Student02(int id, int age, String name) {
        this.id = id;
        this.age = age;
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student02{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}


// 类名注解
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface TableRichard{
    String value();
}

// 属性注解
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface FieldRichard {
    String columnName();
    String type();
    int length();
}