本节我们讨论的都是运筹学中的确定性模型。虽然在现实中,许多参数是不确定的,但是之所以还是采用确定性模型,主要有两点:
- 确定模型已经能够得到足够有效且有用的结果。
- 确定模型较随机模型而言,更易于分析。
1 确定性模型的三要素
确定性优化又称为“数学规划”,对于任何数学规划问题:
- The first step in formulating any optimization model is to identify the decision variables. Variables in optimization models represent the decisions to
be taken. Variable-type constraints specify the domain of definition for decision variables: the set of values for which the variables have meaning. (确定决策变量以及变量的类型) - The remainder of the limits on decision variable values constitute the main constraints. Main constraints of optimization models specify the restrictions and interactions, other than variable type, that limit decision variable values. (主约束:除变量类型约束之外,限定变量取值和表示变量之间关系的约束条件)
- Objective or criterion functions tell us how