科研论文词句积累持续更新记录~~~

目录

引言

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引言

促进

1. catalyse innovative programmes that link relief and development efforts；

2. facilitate greater collaboration between···

3. that would facilitate or foster the ‘resilience’ of these social systems；

4. This experiment spurred many agencies and researchers around the world to further develop and evaluate remote sensing technology for timely, large area, crop monitoring.

学科

1. which started to gain increasing popularity in ecology but also in several other disciplines and sub-disciplines

详细的;描述

1.in the last 10 years a more elaborate···

2.ChlF has been used for decades to elucidate the organization, function, and acclimation of the photosynthetic apparatus at the subcellular and leaf levels

描述方法优势,对比

1. Satellite-based methods hold considerable promise for simulating the spatial and temporal dynamics of crop yields because remotely sensed data can provide data synoptically with greater spatial coverage and more continuous temporal information;

2.This provides a new optical means to track photosynthesis and gross primary productivity of terrestrial ecosystems;

3.Originally restricted to the laboratory, ChlF measurements made their move to the field with the development of the pulse amplitude-modulated (PAM) technique ；

4.The mechanistic SIF model (described in Eqs. (2f) and (3)) thereby provides a clear advantage over the traditional LUE model；

5.However, all else being equal, the quantity of photosynthesis places an upper limit on the supply of food and fuels from our agricultural systems.

6.a global SIF data set with better spatial and temporal sampling than that from GOSAT was produced using spectra from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument onboard the MetOp-A platform (26);

7.Specifically, in this study we build upon the prior studies of Guanter et al. (2014) and Zhang et al. (2014);

8.Although deployment of sensors with the additional capability of measuring diffuse PAR is steadily increasing, at this time data from such sensors remain comparatively rare；

9.However, satellite estimates suffer from a lack of large-scale field data needed for validation, as well as the need to parameterize plant light-use efficiencies (LUEs).

10.However, a significant hurdle arises when trying to validate satellite-derived fluxes because field measurements are not available at the 1±10 km-level scale.

11.This is the strength of S2S dynamic atmospheric predictions to address climate variability and global complete information about crop growth environment, rather than simply using climate observations to model possible future scenarios

多种结果差异性，相似性，比较

1. Currently, the long-term trends of global ecosystem GPP still have large divergences；

2.Our results show that OCO-2 SIF, along with GOSAT products, closely resemble the mean spatial and temporal patterns of FLUXCOM GPP from regions to the globe.

3.This contrast suggests a critical need to reconcile differences in diverse SIF and GPP products and the relationships among them.

4.This is because photosynthesis saturates at high light whereas SIF has a stronger tendency to keep increasing, as fluorescence quantum yield has a relatively muted sensitivity to light levels.

5.There is no consensus on whether NPQ is enhancement of internal conversion；

缩小差距

1. In this respect, ground-based spectral measurements offer a unique opportunity to bridge the measurement gap between satellites and EC flux towers；

妨碍阻碍

1.which hinders the use of these SIF datasets for analyzing the long-term trends of global ecosystem GPP；

2. impedes;

输入输出

1. With much-reduced requirements on inputs and parameters, the light-reactions-centric, SIF-based biophysical model complements the traditional, dark-reactions-centric biochemical model of photosynthesis.；

归因

1.Diurnal SIF is mechanistically ascribed to canopy structure and physiology dynamics.

连接词

1.To proceed;

2.Moving forward, with emerging interest in taking advantage of the information contained in remotely sensed SIF observations to improve photosynthesis estimates, it is critical to;

3.Thus, if SIF is observed, Ja can be calculated, provided that the following are known: the escape probability, that is, the ratio of the physiologically determined SIFPSII to the sensor-observed SIF;

描述本文主要内容,引出问题

1.Specifically, we present the basis of photosynthetic acclimation and its optical signals；

2.to introduce and revisit the physical, physiological, and methodological factors that control the ChlF signal in the context of remote sensing applications, and to identify those research questions that remain open. 

3.In this study we will draw upon measurements conducted in a laboratory setting in which photosynthesis measurements by CO2 exchange were combined with fluorescence;

4.Several guiding questions arise regarding the potential integration and use of these data, including:

5.However, the degree to which incoming solar radiation and the structure of the canopy rather than leaf physiology contribute to SIF variations is still not well characterized. 

描述本文意义

1. Finally, we evaluate and identify the challenges that still remain to be answered in order to consolidate our mechanistic understanding of the remotely sensed SIF signal.

2.Efficient operation of the LET implies that the populations of PSII and PSI work in series and their reaction centres transfer electrons at approximately similar rates.

3.To achieve these goals, we need to dive down into the mechanisms of light harvesting and photon processing in the reaction centers of higher plants.

讨论

已有文献对比

1. A recent study indicated good model performance regarding the spatial variation of crop yield but an inability to reproduce inter-annual variations in crop yield based on the MODIS-GPP product