网络爬虫重庆交通大学新闻网站中所有的信息通知

一、代码部分

1.新建.py文件

import requests# 导入网页请求库
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup# 导入网页解析库
import csv
from tqdm import tqdm

# 模拟浏览器访问
Headers = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.25 Safari/537.36 Core/1.70.3741.400 QQBrowser/10.5.3863.400'

# 表头
csvHeaders = ['题号', '难度', '标题', '通过率', '通过数/总提交数']

# 题目数据
subjects = []

# 爬取题目
print('题目信息爬取中：\n')
for pages in tqdm(range(1, 11 + 1)):
    # 传入URL
    r = requests.get(f'http://www.51mxd.cn/problemset.php-page={pages}.htm', Headers)
 
    r.raise_for_status()

    r.encoding = 'utf-8'
      # 解析URL
    soup = BeautifulSoup(r.text, 'html5lib')
     #查找爬取与td相关所有内容
    td = soup.find_all('td')

    subject = []

    for t in td:
        if t.string is not None:
            subject.append(t.string)
            if len(subject) == 5:
                subjects.append(subject)
                subject = []

# 存放题目
with open('NYOJ_Subjects.csv', 'w', newline='') as file:
    fileWriter = csv.writer(file)
    fileWriter.writerow(csvHeaders)
    fileWriter.writerows(subjects)

print('\n题目信息爬取完成！！！')

运行后生成

 2.调用了 requests网页请求库和Beautiful Soup网页解析库

import requests# 导入网页请求库 
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup# 导入网页解析库

3.定义访问浏览器所需的请求头和写入csv文件需要的表头以及存放题目数据的列表

# 模拟浏览器访问

# 模拟浏览器访问
Headers = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.25 Safari/537.36 Core/1.70.3741.400 QQBrowser/10.5.3863.400'

# 表头
csvHeaders = ['题号', '难度', '标题', '通过率', '通过数/总提交数']#表头列表

# 题目数据
subjects = []#定义列表存放数据

 4.根据表头csvHeaders中内容爬取信息，并在进度条中显示进度

# 爬取题目
print('题目信息爬取中：\n')
for pages in tqdm(range(1, 11 + 1)):#一页一页地爬取信息
    # 传入URL
    r = requests.get(f'http://www.51mxd.cn/problemset.php-page={pages}.htm', Headers)
  
    r.raise_for_status()

    r.encoding = 'utf-8'#输出文档为utf-8编码
      # 解析URL
    soup = BeautifulSoup(r.text, 'html5lib')
     #查找爬取与csvHeaders表头中相关所有内容
    td = soup.find_all('td')

    subject = []#新定义一个subject用来存放当前页面爬取的满足特征的信息

    for t in td:
        if t.string is not None:
            subject.append(t.string)
            if len(subject) == 5:#通过长度判断subject内容是否爬取到上面5项
                subjects.append(subject)#把subject存放进上面的subjects中
                subject = []#subject置空

5.把爬取内容存放文件NYOJ_Subjects.csv中 

 二、爬取重庆交通大学近几年所有的信息通知

先进入重庆交通大学官网（信息通知-重庆交通大学新闻网），确定爬取信息位置

，F12检查代码 

运行代码爬虫

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Created on Wed Nov 17 14:39:03 2021

@author: 86199
"""
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import csv
from tqdm import tqdm
import urllib.request, urllib.error  # 制定URL 获取网页数据

# 所有新闻
subjects = []

# 模拟浏览器访问
Headers = {  # 模拟浏览器头部信息
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.69 Safari/537.36 Edg/95.0.1020.53"
}

# 表头
csvHeaders = ['时间', '标题']


print('信息爬取中：\n')
for pages in tqdm(range(1, 65 + 1)):
    # 发出请求
    request = urllib.request.Request(f'http://news.cqjtu.edu.cn/xxtz/{pages}.htm', headers=Headers)
    html = ""
    # 如果请求成功则获取网页内容
    try:
        response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
        html = response.read().decode("utf-8")
    except urllib.error.URLError as e:
        if hasattr(e, "code"):
            print(e.code)
        if hasattr(e, "reason"):
            print(e.reason)
    # 解析网页
    soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html5lib')

    # 存放一条新闻
    subject = []
    # 查找所有li标签
    li = soup.find_all('li')
    for l in li:
        # 查找满足条件的div标签
        if l.find_all('div',class_="time") is not None and l.find_all('div',class_="right-title") is not None:
            # 时间
            for time in l.find_all('div',class_="time"):
                subject.append(time.string)
            # 标题
            for title in l.find_all('div',class_="right-title"):
                for t in title.find_all('a',target="_blank"):
                    subject.append(t.string)
            if subject:
                print(subject)
                subjects.append(subject)
        subject = []

# 保存数据
with open('test.csv', 'w', newline='',encoding='utf-8') as file:
    fileWriter = csv.writer(file)
    fileWriter.writerow(csvHeaders)
    fileWriter.writerows(subjects)

print('\n信息爬取完成！！！')

 

 三、总结

网络爬虫还是很有意思的，就是很多没有领悟到。还需要多加练习

四、参考

网络爬虫入门