C++:多态案例（一）

//普通写法
class Calcu
{
public:

    int getR(string oper)
    {
        if (oper == "+")
        {
            return m_num1 + m_num2;
        }
        else if (oper == "-")
        {
            return m_num1 - m_num2;
        }
        else if (oper == "*")
        {
            return m_num1 * m_num2;
        }
        //如果想扩展新的功能，需要修改源码
        //在真正的开发中，提倡开闭原则
        //开闭原则：对扩展进行开放，对修改进行关闭
    }
    int m_num1;
    int m_num2;
};

void test01()
{
    Calcu ca;
    ca.m_num1 = 1;
    ca.m_num2 = 2;
    cout << ca.m_num1 << "+" << ca.m_num2 << "=" << ca.getR("+") << endl;
    cout << ca.m_num1 << "-" << ca.m_num2 << "=" << ca.getR("-") << endl;
    cout << ca.m_num1 << "*" << ca.m_num2 << "=" << ca.getR("*") << endl;
}

多态的好处：
1.组织结构清晰
2.可读性强
3.对于前期和后期扩展以及维护性高

//利用多态实现

//实现计算器的抽象类
class ABcal
{
public:
    virtual int getR()
    {
        return 0;
    }
    int m_num1;
    int m_num2;
};

//加法计算器类
class add :public ABcal
{
public:
    int getR()
    {
        return m_num1 + m_num2;
    }
};
//减法
class sub :public ABcal
{
public:
    int getR()
    {
        return m_num1 - m_num2;
    }
};
//乘法
class mul :public ABcal
{
public:
    int getR()
    {
        return m_num1 * m_num2;
    }
};

void test02()
{
    //多态使用条件：
    //父类指针或者引用指向子类对象
    ABcal* abc = new add;//用abc这个指针指向add类
    abc->m_num1 = 10;
    abc->m_num2 = 20;
    cout << abc->m_num1 << "+" << abc->m_num2 << "=" << abc->getR() << endl;
    //用完后记得销毁
    delete abc;//只是把堆区数据释放了，指针还是父类的指针，类型并没有变

    //减法运算
    abc = new sub;
    abc->m_num1 = 10;
    abc->m_num2 = 20;
    cout << abc->m_num1 << "-" << abc->m_num2 << "=" << abc->getR() << endl;
    delete abc;

    //乘法运算
    abc = new mul;
    abc->m_num1 = 10;
    abc->m_num2 = 20;
    cout << abc->m_num1 << "*" << abc->m_num2 << "=" << abc->getR() << endl;
    delete abc;

}