【Python】Bezier曲线的几何作图法

1. 几何作图原理

$r_{i,l}(u)=(1-u)r_{i,l-1}(u)+u{r}_{i+1,l-1}(u)$

$0\le u\le 1;l=1,2,\cdots ,n;i=0,1,\cdots ,n-l$

$r_{i,l}(u)$直接理解为坐标点，当$l=0$时为控制顶点。

2. 程序

• 在Bezier曲线作图法的基础上添加了一个更新坐标点的函数renew_poin()；
• 本程序依然使用class封装，实现了交互式取点的功能。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from numpy.random import rand
import pandas as pd
import math
import random

plt.rcParams["font.sans-serif"]=["SimHei"] #设置字体
plt.rcParams["axes.unicode_minus"]=False #该语句解决图像中的“-”负号的乱码问题

class click_curve:
    # 在类中定义的带self的变量均为全局变量
    def __init__(self,n,m,ax,t):
        self.t = t
        self.ax = ax
        self.m = m
        self.n = n
        self.x = []
        self.y = []
        self.i = 0
        self.ax.figure.canvas.mpl_connect('button_press_event', self)  # 调用__call__执行

    def jc(self,a):  # 阶乘
        return math.factorial(a)

    def Bernstein(self): 
        u = np.linspace(0,1,self.m)  # m代表[0,1]上取多少个点
        J = pd.DataFrame() # 存储伯恩斯坦基函数的值
        for i in range(self.n+1):  # 输入n个点，n不为次数
            k = i
            column = 'C'+str(i)
            C_nk = self.jc(self.n)/(self.jc(k)*self.jc(self.n-k))
            J_nk = C_nk*pow(u,k)*pow(1-u,self.n-k)
            J[column] = J_nk
        return J
    
    def renew_point(self,a,b,u):
        x_new = []
        y_new = []
        for i in range(len(a)-1):
            x_new.append((1-u)*a[i]+u*a[i+1])
            y_new.append((1-u)*b[i]+u*b[i+1])
        return x_new,y_new

        # 输入n
    def Bezier(self):
        # 调用Bernstein基函数
        J = self.Bernstein()
    
        X_bez = []
        Y_bez = []
        for i in range(self.m): 
            a = sum(J.iloc[i,:]*list(self.x))  # x为所有点x轴的值
            b = sum(J.iloc[i,:]*list(self.y))  # y为所有点y轴的值
            X_bez.append(a)
            Y_bez.append(b)
        self.ax.plot(self.x,self.y,'b')  # 连线
        for i in range(self.n):
            self.x,self.y = self.renew_point(self.x,self.y,self.t)
            plt.plot(self.x,self.y,marker='o',markerfacecolor='white')
        self.ax.plot(X_bez,Y_bez,'r')  # 画曲线
        print('success')
        self.ax.figure.canvas.draw()
    
    def __call__(self,event):
        if event.inaxes != None:
            if event.button==1 and self.i < self.n+1:
                self.i+=1
            #     plt.ax.scatter(event.xdata, event.ydata)
                self.x.append(event.xdata)
                self.y.append(event.ydata)
                print("输入坐标点为：({0:.2f},{1:.2f})".format(event.xdata, event.ydata))
                self.ax.plot(event.xdata, event.ydata, 'bo',markerfacecolor='white')
                self.ax.text(event.xdata+0.05, event.ydata+0.05,"({0:.2f},{1:.2f})".format(event.xdata, event.ydata))
                self.ax.figure.canvas.draw()
            elif self.i >= self.n+1:
                print("绘图结束")
                print("x取值：{0}".format(self.x))
                print("y取值：{0}".format(self.y))
                self.Bezier()
                print("end")
            return
        else:
            print("出界了")
            
    # def click1(self):
    #     self.ax.figure.canvas.mpl_connect('button_press_event', self.click)
    

            
def main():    
    n = int(input("请输入次数："))
    x = input("请输入你希望的X轴区间(用空格隔开)：").split(" ")
    y = input("请输入你希望的Y轴区间(用空格隔开)：").split(" ")
    m = int(input("请输入m（m为u的取值个数）："))
    t = float(input("请输入t（t为直线的分割位置，取值为[0,1]）："))
    print("\n请在画布上依次点击{0}个点".format(n+1))
    x1 = []
    y1 = []
    for i in range(len(x)):
        x1.append(int(x[i]))
        y1.append(int(y[i]))
    
    fig = plt.figure()
    ax1 = fig.add_subplot(111)
    plt.xlim(x1[0],x1[1])
    plt.ylim(y1[0],y1[1])
    plt.title("{0}次Bezier曲线".format(n))
    plt.yticks(fontsize=14)
    plt.xticks(fontsize=14)
    click_curve(n,m,ax1,t)
    # test.click1()
    plt.show()
    
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

3. 结果

交互取点绘图——Bezier几何作图