【OpenCV-Python】05 阈值分割

使用固定阈值、自适应阈值、Otsu阈值法"二值化"图像。

固定阈值、自适应阈值

代码

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Created on Thu Dec 24 16:22:03 2020

@author: gkm0120
"""
import cv2
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# 灰度图读入
img = cv2.imread('lena.jpg', 0)
# 阈值分割，ret：return value缩写，代表当前的阈值，暂时不用理会
ret, th = cv2.threshold(img, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
cv2.imshow('thresh', th)
cv2.waitKey(0)

# 应用5种不同的阈值方法
ret, th1 = cv2.threshold(img, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
ret, th2 = cv2.threshold(img, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV)
ret, th3 = cv2.threshold(img, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_TRUNC)
ret, th4 = cv2.threshold(img, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_TOZERO)
ret, th5 = cv2.threshold(img, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_TOZERO_INV)

titles = ['Original', 'BINARY', 'BINARY_INV', 'TRUNC', 'TOZERO', 'TOZERO_INV']
images = [img, th1, th2, th3, th4, th5]

# 使用Matplotlib显示
for i in range(6):
    plt.subplot(2, 3, i + 1)
    plt.imshow(images[i], 'gray')
    plt.title(titles[i], fontsize=8)
    plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])  # 隐藏坐标轴
plt.show()


# 自适应阈值对比固定阈值
img = cv2.imread('lena.jpg', 0)

# 固定阈值
ret, th1 = cv2.threshold(img, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
# 自适应阈值
th2 = cv2.adaptiveThreshold(
    img, 255, cv2.ADAPTIVE_THRESH_MEAN_C, cv2.THRESH_BINARY, 11, 4)
th3 = cv2.adaptiveThreshold(
    img, 255, cv2.ADAPTIVE_THRESH_GAUSSIAN_C, cv2.THRESH_BINARY, 17, 6)

titles = ['Original', 'Global(v = 127)', 'Adaptive Mean', 'Adaptive Gaussian']
images = [img, th1, th2, th3]

for i in range(4):
    plt.subplot(2, 2, i + 1), plt.imshow(images[i], 'gray')
    plt.title(titles[i], fontsize=8)
    plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
plt.show()

图例

其中

Otsu阈值法

代码

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Created on Fri Dec 25 10:31:52 2020

@author: gkm0120
"""
import cv2
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

img = cv2.imread('lena.jpg', 0)

# 固定阈值法
ret1, th1 = cv2.threshold(img, 100, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)

# Otsu阈值法
ret2, th2 = cv2.threshold(img, 0, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY + cv2.THRESH_OTSU)

# 先进行高斯滤波，再使用Otsu阈值法
blur = cv2.GaussianBlur(img, (5, 5), 0)
ret3, th3 = cv2.threshold(blur, 0, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY + cv2.THRESH_OTSU)

images = [img, 0, th1,
          img, 0, th2,
          blur, 0, th3]
titles = ['Original', 'Histogram', 'Global(v=100)',
          'Original', 'Histogram', "Otsu's",
          'Gaussian filtered Image', 'Histogram', "Otsu's"]

for i in range(3):
    # 绘制原图
    plt.subplot(3, 3, i * 3 + 1)
    plt.imshow(images[i * 3], 'gray')
    plt.title(titles[i * 3], fontsize=8)
    plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])

    # 绘制直方图plt.hist，ravel函数将数组降成一维
    plt.subplot(3, 3, i * 3 + 2)
    plt.hist(images[i * 3].ravel(), 256)
    plt.title(titles[i * 3 + 1], fontsize=8)
    plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])

    # 绘制阈值图
    plt.subplot(3, 3, i * 3 + 3)
    plt.imshow(images[i * 3 + 2], 'gray')
    plt.title(titles[i * 3 + 2], fontsize=8)
    plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
plt.show()

图例