列表·元组·字典

使用索引访问列表元素

list_explam = ['xiaoming','xiaowang','sisri']
print(list_explam[0])
print(list_explam[1])
print(list_explam[2])
xiaoming
xiaowang
sisri

列表的循环遍历

使用for循环遍历

list_explam = ['xiaoming','xiaowang','sisri']
for name in list_explam:
    print(name)
xiaoming
xiaowang
sisri

使用while循环遍历

list_explam = ['xiaoming','xiaowang','sisri']
length = len(list_explam)
i = 0
while i < length:
    print(list_explam[i])
    i += 1
xiaoming
xiaowang
sisri

append方法添加元素

name_list = ['wang','ming','liang']
print('---添加数据前---')
for temp in name_list:
    print(temp)
temp_name = input('输入要添加的数据:')
name_list.append(temp_name)
print('---添加后---')
for temp in name_list:
    print(temp)
---添加数据前---
wang
ming
liang
输入要添加的数据:yang
---添加后---
wang
ming
liang
yang

Process finished with exit code 0

extend方法添加元素

list_one = [1,2]
list_tow = [3,4]
list_one.append(list_tow)
print(list_one)
list_one.extend(list_tow)
print(list_one)
[1, 2, [3, 4]]
[1, 2, [3, 4], 3, 4]

查找列表元素

name_list = ['wang','yang','zhang']
find_name = input("查找的名字：")
if find_name in name_list:
    print("存在")
else:
    print("不存在")

insert方法想列表添加元素

list_one = ['wang','yang','zhang']
list_one.insert(1,'xiang')	#1是位置
print(list_one)
['wang', 'xiang', 'yang', 'zhang']

修改列表中的元素

list_one = ['wang','yang','zhang']
list_one[1] = 'xiang'
print(list_one)

print("---")
list_one = ['wang','yang','zhang']
print('-修改前-')
for temp in list_one:
    print(temp)
list_one[1] = 'meng'
print("*修改后*")
for temp in list_one:
    print(temp)
['wang', 'xiang', 'zhang']
---
-修改前-
wang
yang
zhang
*修改后*
wang
meng
zhang

del删除列表元素

list_one = ['wang','yang','zhang']
del list_one[1]
print(list_one)
print("------")
print("------")
list_one = ['wang','yang','zhang']
print('-删除前-')
for temp in list_one:
    print(temp)
del list_one[1]
print("*删除后*")
for temp in list_one:
    print(temp)
['wang', 'zhang']
------
------
-删除前-
wang
yang
zhang
*删除后*
wang
zhang

pop删除最后一个元素

list_one = ['wang','yang','zhang']
list_one.pop()
print(list_one)
print("------")
print("------")
list_one = ['wang','yang','zhang']
print('-删除前-')
for temp in list_one:
    print(temp)
list_one.pop()
print("*删除后*")
for temp in list_one:
    print(temp)
['wang', 'yang']
------
------
-删除前-
wang
yang
zhang
*删除后*
wang
yang

使用remove方法删除列表指定元素

movie_name = ['老九门','云顶天宫','怒海潜沙','终极笔记','听雷']
print('---')
for temp in movie_name:
    print(temp)
movie_name.remove("终极笔记")
print("***")
for temp in movie_name:
    print(temp)
---
老九门
云顶天宫
怒海潜沙
终极笔记
听雷
***
老九门
云顶天宫
怒海潜沙
听雷

排序

list_demo = [1,4,2,3]
list_demo.reverse()
print(list_demo)
list_demo.sort()
print(list_demo)
list_demo.sort(reverse=True)
print(list_demo)
[3, 2, 4, 1]
[1, 2, 3, 4]
[4, 3, 2, 1]

列表嵌套

import random
offices = [[],[],[]]
names = ['a','b','c','d','e','f','g']
for name in names:
    index = random.randint(0,2)
    offices[index].append(name)
i = 1
for temp in offices:
    print('办公室%d的人数为:%d'%(i,len(temp)))
    i += 1
    for name in temp:
        print("%s"%name,end='')
    print("-" * 20)

元组

修改元组

tuple_one = (21,34.33)
tuple_tow = ('abc','xyz')
# tuple_one[0] = 10	这一行如果注释取消就会报错，元组不能修改或者删除
tuple_three = tuple_one + tuple_tow
print(tuple_three)
(21, 34.33, 'abc', 'xyz')

元组遍历

tuple_demo = (1,2,3,4,5)
for number in tuple_demo:
    print(number,end=" ")
1 2 3 4 5

元组内置函数

tuple_one = ('good','run','fly')
len_size = len(tuple_one)
print(len_size)
tuple_tow = ('5','4','6')
max_size = max(tuple_tow)
min_size = min(tuple_tow)
print(max_size)
print(min_size)
#列表转换为元组
list_dome = ['老九门','秦岭神树','云顶天宫']
tuple_three = tuple(list_dome)
print(tuple_three)
3
6
4
('老九门', '秦岭神树', '云顶天宫')

字典

根据键访问值

info = {'name':'阳阳','id':10,'sex':'f','address':'湖南长沙'}
print(info['name'])
print(info['address'])
阳阳
湖南长沙

info = {'name':'阳阳','id':10,'sex':'f','address':'湖南长沙'}
age = info.get('age')
print(age)      #键age不存在,返回None
print(type(age))
age = info.get('age',18)    #键age不存，返回18
print(age)
None
<class 'NoneType'>
18

修改字典中的元素

info = {'name':'阳阳','id':10,'sex':'f','address':'湖南长沙'}
new_id = input("输入新的学号:")
info['id'] = int(new_id)
print('修改之后的id为：%d'%info['id'])
输入新的学号:20
修改之后的id为：20

添加字典元素

info = {'name':'阳阳','id':10,'sex':'f','address':'湖南长沙'}
new_id = input("输入新的学号:")
info['专业'] = new_id
print(info)
输入新的学号:计算机应用技术
{'name': '阳阳', 'id': 10, 'sex': 'f', 'address': '湖南长沙', '专业': '计算机应用技术'}

删除字典元素

info = {'name':'阳阳','id':10,'sex':'f','address':'湖南长沙'}
print('删除前,%s'%info)
info.clear()
print('清空后,%s'%info)
删除前,{'name': '阳阳', 'id': 10, 'sex': 'f', 'address': '湖南长沙'}
清空后,{}

计算字典中键值个数

dict_demo = {'name':'阳阳','id':10,'sex':'f','address':'湖南长沙'}
print("Length:%d"%len(dict_demo))
Length:4

获取字典键视图

dict_demo = {'name':'阳阳','id':10,'sex':'f','address':'湖南长沙'}
print(dict_demo.keys())
dict_keys(['name', 'id', 'sex', 'address'])

获取字典值视图

dict_demo = {'name':'阳阳','id':10,'sex':'f','address':'湖南长沙'}
print(dict_demo.values())
dict_values(['阳阳', 10, 'f', '湖南长沙'])

获取字典元素视图

dict_demo = {'name':'阳阳','id':10,'sex':'f','address':'湖南长沙'}
print("Value : %s" % dict_demo.items())
Value : dict_items([('name', '阳阳'), ('id', 10), ('sex', 'f'), ('address', '湖南长沙')])

字典的遍历

#遍历字典键
dict_demo = {'name':'阳阳','id':10,'sex':'f','address':'湖南长沙'}
for key in dict_demo.keys():
    print(key)
name
id
sex
address

遍历字典元素
dict_demo = {'name':'阳阳','id':10,'sex':'f','address':'湖南长沙'}
for item in dict_demo.items():
    print(item)
('name', '阳阳')
('id', 10)
('sex', 'f')
('address', '湖南长沙')

遍历兼职对
dict_demo = {'name':'阳阳','id':10,'sex':'f','address':'湖南长沙'}
for key,value in dict_demo.items():
    print("key=%s,value=%s"%(key,value))
key=name,value=阳阳
key=id,value=10
key=sex,value=f
key=address,value=湖南长沙