习题31:作出决定
代码
print("""You enter a dark room with two doors.
Do you go through door #1 or door #2?""")
door = input(">")
if door == "1":
print("There's a giant bear here eating a cheese cake.")
print("What do you da?")
print("1.Take the cake.")
print("2.Scream at the bear.")
bear = input(">")
if bear == "1":
print("The bear eats your face off.Good job!")
elif bear == "2":
print("The bear eats your legs off.Good job!")
else:
print(f"Well,doing {bear} is probably better.")
print("Bear runs away.")
elif door == "2":
print("You stare into the endless abyss at cthulhu's retina")
print("1.Blueberries.")
print("2.Yellow jacket clothespins.")
print("3.Understanding revolver yelling melogies.")
insanity = input(">")
if insanity == "1" or insanity == "2":
print("Your body survives powered by a mind of jello.")
print("Good job!")
else:
print("The insanity rots your eyes into a pool of muck.")
print("Good job!")
else:
print("Your stumble around and fall on a knife and die.Good job!")
PS C:\Users\WU\pyfile> python ex31.py
You enter a dark room with two doors.
Do you go through door #1 or door #2?
>1
There's a giant bear here eating a cheese cake.
What do you da?
1.Take the cake.
2.Scream at the bear.
>2
The bear eats your legs off.Good job!
横竖都得死。。。
知识点
- 使用1<x<10 或 1<= x <10 ,或者x in range (1,10)这种经典语法去判定一个数是否处于某个值域。
- if-elif-else 还可以继续增加为 if-elif-elif-elif-else 等等。
- if语句内部还有一个if语句作为可运行的代码,这种嵌套的手法把一个分支引向另一个分支的子分支。
- elif必须和if一起使用,否则出错。else 一般用在最后,即所有条件都不满足时使用。
- if-else组合是可以替代elif的。不过python只有遇到第一个True就停下当前判断。这篇if-else-elif-if嵌套比较清晰一些。
习题32:循环和列表
代码
the_count = [1,2,3,4,5]
fruits = ['apple','oranges','pears','apricots']
change= [1,'pennies',2,'dimes',3,'quarters']
#this first kind of for-loop goes through a list
for number in the_count:
print(f"This is count {number}")
# same as above
for fruit in fruits:
print(f"A fruit if type : {fruit}")
#also we can go through mixed lists too
#notice we have to use {} since we don't know what's in it
for i in change:
print(f"I got {i}")
# we can also build lists,first start with an empty one
elements = []
#then use the range function to do 0 to 5 coounts
for i in range(0,6):
print(f"Adding {i} to the list.")
#append is a function that lists understand
elements.append(i)
#now we can print them out too
for i in elements:
print(f"Element was :{i}")
PS C:\Users\WU> cd pyfile
PS C:\Users\WU\pyfile> python ex32.py
This is count 1
This is count 2
This is count 3
This is count 4
This is count 5
A fruit if type : apple
A fruit if type : oranges
A fruit if type : pears
A fruit if type : apricots
I got 1
I got pennies
I got 2
I got dimes
I got 3
I got quarters
Adding 0 to the list.
Adding 1 to the list.
Adding 2 to the list.
Adding 3 to the list.
Adding 4 to the list.
Adding 5 to the list.
Element was :0
Element was :1
Element was :2
Element was :3
Element was :4
Element was :5
知识点
- 列表(list)创建方式: list = [a,b,c,d,e,f] 左方括号 “[” 表示“打开”列表,逗号隔开元素,右边括号 “]” 表明列表结束。
- range的功能:回一个递进的整数的列表。range的用法:range(起始位,结束位,步数),注意range的起始位和结束位构成的区间是一个前闭后开的,即range()函数会从第一个数到最后一个数,但不包含最后一个数字。例如range(0,10,2)是[0,2,4,6,8] .
- [[0,1,2],[0,1,2]] 这是二维列表,即列表中包含列表。
- for value in variable: 中value变量在for循环开始就已经被创立,每次循环value都会被重新初始化为当前循环中的 元素值。
函数 | 作用 |
---|---|
cmp(list1, list2) | 比较两个列表的元素 |
len(list) | 列表元素个数 |
max(list) | 返回列表元素最大值 |
min(list) | 返回列表元素最小值 |
list(seq) | 将元组转换为列表 |
list.append(obj) | 在列表末尾添加新的对象 |
list.count(obj) | 统计某个元素在列表中出现的次数 |
list.extend(seq) | 在列表末尾一次性追加另一个序列中的多个值(用新列表扩展原来的列表) |
list.index(obj) | 从列表中找出某个值第一个匹配项的索引位置 |
list.insert(index, obj) | 将对象插入列表 |
list.pop([index=-1]) | 移除列表中的一个元素(默认最后一个元素),并且返回该元素的值 |
list.remove(obj) | 移除列表中某个值的第一个匹配项 |
list.reverse() | 反向列表中元素 |
list.sort(cmp=None, key=None, reverse=False) | 对原列表进行排序 |
习题33:while循环
代码
from typing import Sequence
i = 0
numbers = []
Seq = 5
while i < 6:
print(f"At the top i is {i}")
numbers.append(i)
i += Seq
print(f"At the bottom i is {i}")
print("The numbers:")
for num in numbers:
print(num)
PS C:\Users\WU\pyfile> python ex33.py
At the top i is 0
At the bottom i is 1
At the top i is 1
At the bottom i is 2
At the top i is 2
At the bottom i is 3
At the top i is 3
At the bottom i is 4
At the top i is 4
At the bottom i is 5
At the top i is 5
At the bottom i is 6
The numbers:
0
1
2
3
4
5
def app(steps,max):
numbers = []
i = 0
while i < max:
numbers.append(i)
i += steps
print(numbers)
app(2,10)
PS C:\Users\WU> & python c:/Users/WU/pyfile/py33test.py
[0]
[0, 2]
[0, 2, 4]
[0, 2, 4, 6]
[0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
知识点
- ctrl C 终止循环
- while循环有时候会永远无法停止。注意尽量少用while 循环,大部分时候for 循环 是更好的选择。重复检查你的while语句,确定测试的布尔表达式最终会变成False。如果不确定,就在while 循环的开始和结尾打印出你要测试的值,看看它的变化
- for循环只能对一些东西的集合进行循环,while 循环可以对任何对象进行循环。然而,相比起来while 循环更难弄对,而对一般任务用 for 循环更容易一些。
- while语义很简单,但条件判断为True 时,循环重复执行语句块中的语句;当条件为False时,循环终止,执行与while同级别缩进的后续语句。
- while 还可以和else结合
while <语句>:
<语句块1>
else:
<语句块2>
习题34:访问列表的元素
代码
animals = ["bear",'python',"peacock","kangeroo","whale","platypous"]
print("位置1:"+animals[1])
print("第3只:"+animals[2])
print("第一只:"+animals[0])
print("位置3:"+animals[3])
print("第5只:"+animals[4])
print("位置3:"+animals[3])
print("第6只:"+animals[5])
print("位置4:"+animals[4])
PS C:\Users\WU> & python c:/Users/WU/pyfile/ex34.py
位置1:python
第3只:peacock
第一只:bear
位置3:kangeroo
第5只:whale
位置3:kangeroo
第6只:platypous
位置4:whale
知识点
- 简单地说序数从1开始,基数从0开始,序数符合人类的思维,基数符合计算机的思维。序数(ordinal number):从1开始编号,表示事物的顺序
- 基数(cardinal number):从0开始,表示你可以任意抓取元素
- 序数(ordinal number):从1开始编号,表示事物的顺序
习题35:分支和函数
代码
from sys import exit
from typing import DefaultDict
def gold_room():
print("This room is full of gold. How much do you take?")
choice = input(">")
if "0" in choice or "1" in choice:
how_much = int(choice)
else:
dead("Man,learn to type a number.")
if how_much < 50 :
print("Nice,you're not greedy,you win!")
exit(0)
else:
dead("You greedy bastard!")
def bear_room():
print("There is a bear here.")
print("The bear has a bunch of honey.")
print("The fat bear is in front of another door.")
print("How are you going to move the bear?")
bear_moved = False
while True:
choice = input("> ")
if choice == "take money":
dead("The bear looks at you then slaps your face off.")
elif choice == "taunt bear" and not bear_moved:
print("The bear has moved from the door.")
print("You can go through it now.")
bear_moved = True
elif choice == "taunt bear" and bear_moved:
dead ("The bear gets pissed off and chews your legs off.")
elif choice == "open door" and bear_moved:
gold_room()
else:
print("I got no idea what that means.")
def cthulhu_room():
print("Here you see the grear evil Cthulhu.")
print("He,it,Whatever stares at you and you go insane.")
print("Do you flee for youe life or eat your head?")
choice = input("> ")
if "flee" in choice:
start()
elif "head" in choice:
dead("Well that was tasty!")
else:
cthulhu_room()
def dead(why):
print(why ,"Good job!")
exit(0)
def start():
print("You are in a dark room.")
print("There is a door to your right and left.")
print("Which one do you take?")
choice = input("> ")
if choice == "left":
bear_room()
elif choice == "right":
cthulhu_room()
else:
dead("You stumble around the room until you starve")
start()
PS C:\Users\WU\pyfile> python ex35.py
You are in a dark room.
There is a door to your right and left.
Which one do you take?
> left
There is a bear here.
The bear has a bunch of honey.
The fat bear is in front of another door.
How are you going to move the bear?
> taunt bear
The bear has moved from the door.
You can go through it now.
> open the door
I got no idea what that means.
> open door
This room is full of gold. How much do you take?
>25
Man,learn to type a number. Good job!
知识点
·
- while True表示一个无限循环。
- exit(0) 可以终止某个程序,而其中的数字参数则用来表示是否遇到错误而终止。exit(1) (或大于 1)表示程序执行失败发生错误并退出程序,而exit(0) 则表示程序是正常退出的。
- input(“> ”)里面的>是用来提示用户输入的,比较人机交互吧。